RC terminator and production method therefor

A thin-film RC circuit element suitable for a transmission line termination circuit is prepared by a process where (1) a first metal layer of an anodizable metal is deposited on a substrate, (2) the exposed surface of the anodizable metal layer is anodized to produce an oxide layer, (3) a second metal layer of electrically conductive metal is provided on the oxide layer, and (4) the first metal layer is etched to form an electrically resistive conductive path electrically connected to the region of the first metal layer beneath the second metal layer. A thin-film RC circuit element is also provided having a first layer of an anodizable metal formed on an electrically insulating substrate so as to provide two capacitor plates connected by a resistive strip, an oxide layer formed on the capacitor plates, and upper capacitor plates positioned on the oxide layer in register with the lower capacitor plates

Self-esteem, stress and self-rated health in family planning clinic patients

BACKGROUND: The independent effects of stress on the health of primary care patients might be different for different types of clinic populations. This study examines these relationships in a low-income female population of patients attending a family planning clinic. METHODS: This study investigated the relevance of different sources of personal stress and social support to self-rated health, adjusting for mental health, health behavior and demographic characteristics of subjects. Five hundred women who attended family planning clinics were surveyed and 345 completed the form for a response rate of 72 percent. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that liking oneself was related to good self-rated health (Odds ratio = 7.11), but stress or support from children, parents, friends, churches or spouses were not significant. White non-Hispanic and non-white non-Hispanic respondents had lower odds of reporting good self-rated health than Hispanic respondents (odds ratios were 2.87 and 2.81, respectively). Exercising five or more days per week also was related to good self-rated health. Smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day, and obese III were negatively related to good self-rated health (odds ratios were .19 and .22, respectively with corresponding p-values equal to .0043 and .0332). CONCLUSIONS: Among younger low-income women, addressing low self-esteem might improve health status

Building the Big Message Authentication Code

ABSTRACT Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are used to ensure the integrity of digital content is not compromised and to authenticate the sender. A MAC can be constructed by using a message digest and a shared secret value. Two different digital contents should have a low probability of having the same message digest. This is called a collision. Also, when a message digest is used to create a MAC, it should be difficult for an adversary to create a collision. A rough calculation demonstrates that a collision could be found for a 128-bit message digest in approximately six hours with a parallel collision attack using a special-purpose machine. A composite message digest is constructed out of existing functions to decrease the probability of collision. Also, the MAC based on the composite message digest is constructed so that it is difficult for an adversary to create a collision