Relationship between acres of tomatoes grown, yields per acre, contacts producers had with extension agents and selected characteristics of the tomato production operation of Lauderdale County, Tennessee, tomato producers

The purpose of the study was to characterize Lauderdale County tomato producers, and to determine the relationship between the number of contacts producers had with the Agricultural Extension agents, acres of tomatoes planted, yields per acre, and their use of recommended tomato production practices. Thirty tomato producers were randomly selected and personal interviews were conducted by County Extension agents. Interview schedules were developed by University of Tennessee Horticulture Specialists and the Agricultural Extension Education Department and agents conducted the survey during the fall of 1980. Information recorded included their use of recommended tomato production practices and the number of contacts producers had with the Extension office over a twelve-month period. The data were coded and punched on computer cards, and computations were made by The University of Tennessee Computing Center. One-way analysis of variance F-test was used to determine the significance and strength of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The .05 probability level was accepted as significant. Major findings included the following: 1. The producers planted an average of 6.9 acres of tomatoes in 1980 and their average yield was 5.2 tons harvested per acre. 2. Thirty percent of the producers had not attended any Extension meeting; however, over 83 percent of the producers reported Extension as being their primary source of tomato information. 3. Sixty-six percent of the producers did not fertilize by soil test recommendations and 60 percent of the producers did not lime by soil test recommendations. 4. Producers who fertilized and limed by soil test (33.3 percent and 40 percent, respectively) made significantly more contacts with Extension through meetings, office visits, telephone calls, and farm visits than did those producers who did not fertilize and lime by soil test recommendations. 5. The number of Extension contacts (i.e., meetings, visits to the Extension office, telephone calls to the Extension office, and farm visits received from Extension agents) was not significantly related to the variety of tomatoes planted with the exception of tomato production and marketing meetings attended. 6. Producers who applied fungicides to tomatoes before planting them in the field attended significantly more tomato production and marketing meetings and received significantly more farm visits from Extension agents. 7. Producers who applied fungicides more often made significantly more telephone calls to the Extension office. 8. Producers who fertilized and limed by soil test recommendations planted significantly more acres of tomatoes than did those producers who did not use these recommended practices. 9. Producers who applied fungicides to tomatoes before planting them had significantly more yield per acre than did those producers who did not use the practice. 10. Producers who used the greatest number of insecticides had significantly larger yields per acre than the producers who used only one or two insecticides. Implications and recommendations were also made

Helmut Kallmann: Memories and Tributes

[no abstract

Special Problems in Civil Procedure - Complex Litigation

Organization and Presentation of a Complex Case lecture given by Francis H. Hare Jr., a partner in the law firm of Hare, Wynn, Newell & Newton, in Birmingham, Alabama. Judicial Management of Complex Cases lecture given by the Honorable Robert M. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Complex Litigation in the Public Sector lecture given by Gerald A. Connell, a member of the firm of Baker & Hostetler, in Washington, D.C. The Future of Complex Litigation lecture given by Mary Kay Kane, academic dean and Professor of Law at Hastings College of Law, University of California

Synthesis of the elements in stars: forty years of progress

Forty years ago Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, and Hoyle combined what we would now call fragmentary evidence from nuclear physics, stellar evolution and the abundances of elements and isotopes in the solar system as well as a few stars into a synthesis of remarkable ingenuity. Their review provided a foundation for forty years of research in all of the aspects of low energy nuclear experiments and theory, stellar modeling over a wide range of mass and composition, and abundance studies of many hundreds of stars, many of which have shown distinct evidence of the processes suggested by B2FH. In this review we summarize progress in each of these fields with emphasis on the most recent developments

The pacing stress test: Thallium-201 myocardial imaging after atrial pacing. Diagnostic value in detecting coronary artery disease compared with exercise testing

Many patients suspected of having coronary artery disease are unable to undergo adequate exercise testing. An alternate stress, pacing tachycardia, has been shown to produce electrocardiographic changes that are as sensitive and specific as those observed during exercise testing. To compare thallium-201 imaging after atrial pacing stress with thallium imaging after exercise stress, 22 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were studied with both standard exercise thallium imaging and pacing thallium imaging.Positive ischemic electrocardiographic changes (> 1 mm ST segment depression) were noted in 11 of 16 patients with coronary artery disease during exercise, and in 15 of the 16 patients during atrial pacing. One of six patients with normal or trivial coronary artery disease had a positive electrocardiogram with each test. Exercise thallium imaging was positive in 13 of 16 patients with coronary artery disease compared with 15 of 16 patients during atrial pacing. Three of six patients without coronary artery disease had a positive scan with exercise testing, and two of these same patients developed a positive scan with atrial pacing. Of those patients with coronary artery disease and an abnormal scan, 85% showed redistribution with exercise testing compared with 87% during atrial pacing. Segment by segment comparison of thallium imaging after either atrial pacing or exercise showed that there was a good correlation of the location and severity of the thallium defects (r = 0.83, p = 0.0001, Spearman rank correlation).It is concluded that the location and presence of both fixed and transient thallium defects after atrial pacing are closely correlated with the findings after exercise testing. Thus, atrial pacing may be used as a stress for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients unable to complete a satisfactory exercise test

Urinary metabolomics identifies a molecular correlate of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network Cohort

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a poorly understood syndrome affecting up to 6.5% of adult women in the U.S. The lack of broadly accepted objective laboratory markers for this condition hampers efforts to diagnose and treat this condition. To identify biochemical markers for IC/BPS, we applied mass spectrometry-based global metabolite profiling to urine specimens from a cohort of female IC/BPS subjects from the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network. These analyses identified multiple metabolites capable of discriminating IC/BPS and control subjects. Of these candidate markers, etiocholan-3α-ol-17-one sulfate (Etio-S), a sulfoconjugated 5-β reduced isomer of testosterone, distinguished female IC/BPS and control subjects with a sensitivity and specificity >90%. Among IC/BPS subjects, urinary Etio-S levels are correlated with elevated symptom scores (symptoms, pelvic pain, and number of painful body sites) and could resolve high- from low-symptom IC/BPS subgroups. Etio-S-associated biochemical changes persisted through 3–6 months of longitudinal follow up. These results raise the possibility that an underlying biochemical abnormality contributes to symptoms in patients with severe IC/BPS

Air Pollution–Associated Changes in Lung Function among Asthmatic Children in Detroit

In a longitudinal cohort study of primary-school–age children with asthma in Detroit, Michigan, we examined relationships between lung function and ambient levels of particulate matter ≤ 10 μm and ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(10) and PM(2.5)) and ozone at varying lag intervals using generalized estimating equations. Models considered effect modification by maintenance corticosteroid (CS) use and by the presence of an upper respiratory infection (URI) as recorded in a daily diary among 86 children who participated in six 2-week seasonal assessments from winter 2001 through spring 2002. Participants were predominantly African American from families with low income, and > 75% were categorized as having persistent asthma. In both single-pollutant and two-pollutant models, many regressions demonstrated associations between higher exposure to ambient pollutants and poorer lung function (increased diurnal variability and decreased lowest daily values for forced expiratory volume in 1 sec) among children using CSs but not among those not using CSs, and among children reporting URI symptoms but not among those who did not report URIs. Our findings suggest that levels of air pollutants in Detroit, which are above the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards, adversely affect lung function of susceptible asthmatic children