Multi-jet electrospinning of polystyrene/polyamide 6 blend: thermal and mechanical properties

Citation: Yoon, J. W., Park, Y., Kim, J., & Park, C. H. (2017). Multi-jet electrospinning of polystyrene/polyamide 6 blend: thermal and mechanical properties. Fashion and Textiles, 4, 12. doi:10.1186/s40691-017-0090-4Polystyrene (PS) has high thermal resistance thus can be applied as thermally comfortable textile. However, the application is limited due its low mechanical strength. In this study, polyamide 6 (PA6) was blended with PS to improve the mechanical strength of PS, by means of a multi-jet electrospinning. Content ratio of the blend web was measured by chemical immersion test and confocal microscopy analysis. Fiber content was in accordance with the number of syringes used for PS and PA6 respectively. The effects of content ratio on the web morphology, thermal resistance, tensile behavior, air and water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity were investigated. The influence of environmental humidity during electrospinning process on three dimensional (3D) web structure was also reported. PS web produced from higher humidity had more pores and corrugations at the surface. The increased surface roughness and porosity led to the increased hydrophobicity and thermal resistance. Though the blending of PA6 with PS enhanced the mechanical strength, the added PA6 decreased air/water vapor permeability and thermal resistance. The lowered thermal resistance by the addition of PA6 was mainly attributed to higher thermal conductivity of PA6 material and lowered air content with PA6 fibers

Learnings From The Case of Maple Refugees: A Story of Loot Boxes, Probability Disclosures, and Gamer Consumer Activism

The article synthesises what we learned from reviewing the player activism of the “Maple refugee” incident and applies the insights to the European video game industry and commercial context. The Maple Refugee incident was perhaps one of the most disruptive video game incidents that occurred in South Korea in recent years. It saw tens of thousands of Korean players from the game Maple Story (Nexon, 2003) mobilised in unprecedented online and offline protests in Spring 2021. Together with players from other free-to-play (F2P) games, Maple Story players rallied against the industry norms of monetising with loot boxes and the industry self-regulatory approach to probability disclosures to address potential harms. This culminated in the social phenomenon of the proxy activism method of ’truck protests,’ rallies of crowdfunded rented trucks displaying protest messages instead of people mass-gathering in public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the English timeline of the incident collated by Park et al. (2023), we dive deeper into the case with a multidisciplinary group of experts from game studies, law, and human-computer interaction and highlight various issues present in this case: the regulation of loot boxes and probability disclosures, the social pillars of player activism, player trust and theorycrafting, and game production. The paper contributes to the deepening of the industry’s understanding of F2P game business while diversifying the Western-centric discourse of the game research landscape by calling for further cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary inquiries into current video game issues

Prognostic impact of AJCC response criteria for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II/III breast cancer patients: breast cancer subtype analyses

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard treatment for stage II/III breast cancer patients, and response to NAC is a useful prognostic marker. Since its introduction, 6–8 cycles of NAC has become the standard regimen to improve the outcome of these patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic impact of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) response criteria and this tools usefulness in four different breast cancer subtypes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clinical stage II/III breast cancer patients who received NAC of more than 6 cycles. Response after NAC and the clinicopathological factors were reviewed. AJCC response criteria for NAC were adopted from the AJCC Manual, 7th edition: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and no response (NR). Results A total of 183 patients were enrolled; 22 (12.0 %), 123 (67.2 %), and 38 (20.8 %) patients showed CR, PR, and NR, respectively. The AJCC response was significantly associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) (P < 0.001), whereas pathologic CR (pCR), the current gold standard for response evaluation for NAC, was not (P = 0.140). AJCC response was a significant prognostic factor for RFS in all four breast cancer subtypes, namely luminal A (P = 0.006), luminal B (P = 0.001), HER-2 enriched (P = 0.039), and triple-negative breast cancer (P = 0.035). Conclusions The AJCC response criteria represent a simple and easily reproducible tool for response evaluation of NAC patients and a useful clinical prognostic marker for RFS. These criteria also have a prognostic impact in all four breast cancer subtypes, including luminal A in which pCR has a limited role

Systematic Investigation on the Mechanisms for Water Responsive Actuation Using Commercial Sewing Threads

Water-responsive materials alter their volumes in response to relative humidity changes. Recent progress in water-responsive materials demonstrates that this novel category of materials can perform better than natural muscles and conventional actuators by utilizing sustainable and renewable water energy. Textile fibers make excellent candidates for viable water-responsive actuators due to their scalability. However, the lack of a fundamental understanding of water responsiveness impedes their real-world applications. In this research, we selected seven different types of commercially available sewing threads: natural cellulose (cotton, flax). natural protein (wool, silk). regenerated cellulose (rayon), and synthetic (nylon, polyester) to systematically investigate their water-responsive behavior. All the sewing threads, without any chemical nor physical modification, except for polyester, repeatedly lifted a weight in response to humidity changes and generated higher specific energy density (15–210 J/kg) than mammalian muscles (8 J/kg). While the maximum water sorption by a sewing thread does not directly correlate to its mechanical actuation, the disruption of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between polymer chains by sorbed water seems critical for WR tensile actuation. In addition, the twisting of fibers to the right degree could direct the WR actuation in the desired direction. Our research with common threads sheds light on the water-responsive mechanisms and provides design guidelines for a large-scale water-responsive actuator applicable in various engineering systems, including energy harvesting, soft robotics, and protective gears that can help expand the applicability of natural fibers

Self-Healing Properties of Fibers Constructed from Mushroom-Derived Chitinous Polymers

Chitinous polymers were extracted from common Agaricus bisporus mushrooms through simple processes, which are successfully formed into continuous fibers with a custom-built laboratory-scale fiber spinning setup. The spun fibers are composed of numerous chitin fibrils embedded within the glucan matrix, and their fiber diameters are controlled by the needle gauges. All the mushroom chitin fibers exhibited self-healing properties upon exposure to a small amount (<10 μL) of water within 30 s. The macroscopically damaged mushroom chitin fibers with a microblade can repair their original shape and tensile properties effectively, as evidenced by high self-healing efficiency for the tensile strength (up to 119%) and breaking strain (up to 132%). Interestingly, no solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, other than water induced the self-healing. This indicates that swelling and deswelling of mushroom chitin fibers may have led to the intermeshing of chitin fibrils and glucan across the damaged fiber interfaces, resulting in powerful self-healing action. Simple preparation of chitin fibers provides sustainable manufacturing opportunities for real-world applications in various technical areas, as we demonstrated the repeatable self-healing performance on a large scale in the form of fibers and woven structures

Self-Healing Properties of Fibers Constructed from Mushroom-Derived Chitinous Polymers

Chitinous polymers were extracted from common Agaricus bisporus mushrooms through simple processes, which are successfully formed into continuous fibers with a custom-built laboratory-scale fiber spinning setup. The spun fibers are composed of numerous chitin fibrils embedded within the glucan matrix, and their fiber diameters are controlled by the needle gauges. All the mushroom chitin fibers exhibited self-healing properties upon exposure to a small amount (<10 μL) of water within 30 s. The macroscopically damaged mushroom chitin fibers with a microblade can repair their original shape and tensile properties effectively, as evidenced by high self-healing efficiency for the tensile strength (up to 119%) and breaking strain (up to 132%). Interestingly, no solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, other than water induced the self-healing. This indicates that swelling and deswelling of mushroom chitin fibers may have led to the intermeshing of chitin fibrils and glucan across the damaged fiber interfaces, resulting in powerful self-healing action. Simple preparation of chitin fibers provides sustainable manufacturing opportunities for real-world applications in various technical areas, as we demonstrated the repeatable self-healing performance on a large scale in the form of fibers and woven structures

Self-Healing Properties of Fibers Constructed from Mushroom-Derived Chitinous Polymers

Chitinous polymers were extracted from common Agaricus bisporus mushrooms through simple processes, which are successfully formed into continuous fibers with a custom-built laboratory-scale fiber spinning setup. The spun fibers are composed of numerous chitin fibrils embedded within the glucan matrix, and their fiber diameters are controlled by the needle gauges. All the mushroom chitin fibers exhibited self-healing properties upon exposure to a small amount (<10 μL) of water within 30 s. The macroscopically damaged mushroom chitin fibers with a microblade can repair their original shape and tensile properties effectively, as evidenced by high self-healing efficiency for the tensile strength (up to 119%) and breaking strain (up to 132%). Interestingly, no solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, other than water induced the self-healing. This indicates that swelling and deswelling of mushroom chitin fibers may have led to the intermeshing of chitin fibrils and glucan across the damaged fiber interfaces, resulting in powerful self-healing action. Simple preparation of chitin fibers provides sustainable manufacturing opportunities for real-world applications in various technical areas, as we demonstrated the repeatable self-healing performance on a large scale in the form of fibers and woven structures

Self-Healing Properties of Fibers Constructed from Mushroom-Derived Chitinous Polymers

Chitinous polymers were extracted from common Agaricus bisporus mushrooms through simple processes, which are successfully formed into continuous fibers with a custom-built laboratory-scale fiber spinning setup. The spun fibers are composed of numerous chitin fibrils embedded within the glucan matrix, and their fiber diameters are controlled by the needle gauges. All the mushroom chitin fibers exhibited self-healing properties upon exposure to a small amount (<10 μL) of water within 30 s. The macroscopically damaged mushroom chitin fibers with a microblade can repair their original shape and tensile properties effectively, as evidenced by high self-healing efficiency for the tensile strength (up to 119%) and breaking strain (up to 132%). Interestingly, no solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, other than water induced the self-healing. This indicates that swelling and deswelling of mushroom chitin fibers may have led to the intermeshing of chitin fibrils and glucan across the damaged fiber interfaces, resulting in powerful self-healing action. Simple preparation of chitin fibers provides sustainable manufacturing opportunities for real-world applications in various technical areas, as we demonstrated the repeatable self-healing performance on a large scale in the form of fibers and woven structures

Post-consumer energy consumption of textile products during &apos;use&apos; phase of the lifecycle

The purpose of this research is to propose a rating model that measures the post-consumer energy consumption, specifically during the washing, drying, and ironing processes of textile products. Prior to designing the rating model, the methodology of sustainability assessment is overviewed, with discussions on textile sector&apos;s efforts in developing the sustainability index as an assessment tool for textile products or their manufacturers. Despite the significant environmental impacts made by the &apos;maintenance&apos; or &apos;use&apos; phase of the textile lifecycle, the assessment of &apos;use&apos; phase is not thoroughly evaluated. In this study, a rating model was built to measure or estimate the amount of energy use during the product maintenance. The maintenance during &apos;use&apos; phase, defined as washing, drying and ironing processes, is categorized for its maintenance options; washer type, wash temperature, dryer type, filling load, and ironing. The selection of maintenance options generates the score for the impact on energy use. Scenario analysis for different maintenance conditions with different textile products presents the applicability of the proposed rating model as a simple yet effective measurement tool.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201507171RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A080577CITE_RATE:1.022DEPT_NM:의류학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YN