Outdoor to Indoor Penetration Loss at 28 GHz for Fixed Wireless Access

This paper present the results from a 28 GHz channel sounding campaign performed to investigate the effects of outdoor to indoor penetration on the wireless propagation channel characteristics for an urban microcell in a fixed wireless access scenario. The measurements are performed with a real-time channel sounder, which can measure path loss up to 169 dB, and equipped with phased array antennas that allows electrical beam steering for directionally resolved measurements in dynamic environments. Thanks to the short measurement time and the excellent phase stability of the system, we obtain both directional and omnidirectional channel power delay profiles without any delay uncertainty. For outdoor and indoor receiver locations, we compare path loss, delay spreads and angular spreads obtained for two different types of buildings

The effect of a culturally tailored web-based physical activity promotion program on Asian American midlife women’s depressive symptoms

The benefits of physical activities on depressive symptoms have increasingly been reported in the literature, but the effect through which a Web-based physical activity promotion program alleviates depressive symptoms is not clearly known, especially among ethnic minority midlife women. The purpose of this pilot randomized control study is to examine the preliminary efficacy of the Web-based physical activity promotion program in enhancing the depressive symptoms of Asian American midlife women through increasing physical activity. This study adopted a randomized repeated measures pretest/posttest control group design. This study consisted of two groups of research participants: 18 in an intervention group and 15 in a control group. By using multiple instruments, the participants’ background and health status, depressive symptom experience, and physical activity experience were measured at three time points (pre-, post 1-month, and post 3-months). The data were analyzed using a modified intent-to-treat linear mixed-model growth curve analysis. After controlling for covariates, random intercept, and random slope, only discrimination stress showed statistical significances in the group effect (0.18, p = .08 for control) and time effect (-0.04, p = .04), but not in the group × time effect (p = .51). The active living habits scores showed statistical significances in the group effect (0.82, p \u3c 0.01 for control), time effect (0.29, p \u3c 0.01), and group × time effect (-0.31, p = 0.03 for control). Findings support the significant effect of the Web-based physical activity promotion program on the women’s discrimination stress and active living habits

Inkjet-Printed Carbon Nanotubes for Fabricating a Spoof Fingerprint on Paper.

A spoof fingerprint was fabricated on paper and applied for a spoofing attack to unlock a smartphone on which a capacitive array of sensors had been embedded with a fingerprint recognition algorithm. Using an inkjet printer with an ink made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we printed a spoof fingerprint having an electrical and geometric pattern of ridges and furrows comparable to that of the real fingerprint. With this printed spoof fingerprint, we were able to unlock a smartphone successfully; this was due to the good quality of the printed CNT material, which provided electrical conductivities and structural patterns similar to those of the real fingerprint. This result confirms that inkjet-printing CNTs to fabricate a spoof fingerprint on paper is an easy, simple spoofing route from the real fingerprint and suggests a new method for outputting the physical ridges and furrows on a two-dimensional plane

Optimal cutoff values for anthropometric indices of obesity as discriminators of metabolic abnormalities in Korea: results from a Health Examinees study

Background Obesity is well known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the performance of and the optimal cutoff values for obesity indices to discriminate the presence of metabolic abnormalities as a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in a Health Examinees study (HEXA). Methods The current study analyzed 134,195 participants with complete anthropometric and laboratory information in a Health Examinees study, consisting of the Korean population aged 40 to 69 years. The presence of metabolic abnormality was defined as having at least one of the following: hypertension, hyperglycemia, or dyslipidemia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and conicity index. Results The AUC of metabolic abnormalities was the highest for waist-to-height ratio (AUC [95% CIs], 0.677 [0.672–0.683] among men; 0.691 [0.687–0.694] among women), and the lowest for the C index (0.616 [0.611–0.622] among men; 0.645 [0.641–0.649] among women) among both men and women. The optimal cutoff values were 24.3 kg/m2 for the body mass index, 0.887 for the waist-to-hip ratio, 0.499 for the waist-to-height ratio, 84.4 cm for waist circumference and 1.20 m3/2/kg1/2 for the conicity index among men, and 23.4 kg/m2 for the body mass index, 0.832 for the waist-to-hip ratio, 0.496 for the waist-to-height ratio, 77.0 cm for the waist circumference and 1.18 m3/2/kg1/2 for the conicity index among women. Conclusion The waist-to-height ratio is the best index to discriminate metabolic abnormalities among middle-aged Koreans. The optimal cutoff of obesity indices is lower than the international guidelines for obesity. It would be appropriate to use the indices for abdominal obesity rather than general obesity and to consider a lower level of body mass index and waist circumference than the current guidelines to determine obesity-related health problems in Koreans.This study was supported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [funding codes 2004-E71004–00, 2007-E71006–00, 2005-E71011–00, 2008-E71006–00, 2005-E71009–00, 2008-E71008–00, 2006-E71001–00, 2009-E71009–00, 2006-E71004–00, 2010-E71006–00, 2006-E71010–00, 2011-E71006–00, 2006-E71003–00, 2012-E71001–00, 2007-E71004–00, and 2013-E71009–00]. The funder had a role in the design of the study and data collection. We declare that the funder had no role in the analysis or writing of the manuscript

Comparison of the number of live births, maternal age at childbirth, and weight of live births between Korean women and immigrant women in 2018

Purpose This study compared maternal age at childbirth, the number of live births, and the weight of live births between Korean women and immigrant women using statistical data from the Republic of Korea for the period of 2008-2018. Methods The analysis was conducted using data from the Microdata Integrated Service of Statistics Korea (https://mdis.kostat.go.kr/index.do). Results Korean women and immigrant women showed a higher age at childbirth in 2018 than in 2008. The percentage of newborns of Korean women with a birth weight of less than 2.5 kg increased slightly for 3 consecutive years from 2016 to 2018, whereas for immigrant women, this percentage increased in 2017 compared to 2016 and then decreased again in 2018. Very low birth weight (less than 1.5 kg) became more common among immigrant women from 2016 to 2018. Birth at a gestational age of fewer than 37 weeks increased both among Korean and immigrant women from 2016 to 2018. In both groups, the percentage of women who had their first child within their first 2 years of marriage decreased from 2008 to 2018. Conclusion Immigrant women had higher birth rates than Korean women, while both groups showed an increasing trend in preterm birth. Greater attention should be paid to the pregnancy and birth needs of immigrant women, and steps are needed to ensure health equity and access in order to prevent preterm births. It is also necessary to identify factors that affect preterm birth and birth of very low birth weight infants among immigrant women in the future

Characteristics of gate-all-around silicon nanowire field effect transistors with asymmetric channel width and source/drain doping concentration

We performed 3D simulations to demonstrate structural effects in sub-20 nm gate-all-around silicon nanowire field effect transistors having asymmetric channel width along the channel direction. We analyzed the differences in the electrical and physical properties for various slopes of the channel width in asymmetric silicon nanowire field effect transistors (SNWFETs) and compared them to symmetrical SNWFETs with uniform channel width. In the same manner, the effects of the individual doping concentration at the source and drain also have been investigated. For various structural conditions, the current and switching characteristics are seriously affected. The differences attributed to the doping levels and geometric conditions are due to the electric field and electron density profile. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4745858]ope

Impact of glycemic control on the progression of aortic stenosis: a single-center cohort study using a common data model

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for the progression of degenerative aortic stenosis (AS). However, no study has investigated the impact of glycemic control on the rate of AS progression. We aimed to assess the association between the degree of glycemic control and the AS progression, using an electronic health record-based common data model (CDM). Methods We identified patients with mild AS (aortic valve [AV] maximal velocity [Vpeak] 2.0–3.0 m/sec) or moderate AS (Vpeak 3.0–4.0 m/sec) at baseline, and follow-up echocardiography performed at an interval of ≥ 6 months, using the CDM of a tertiary hospital database. Patients were divided into 3 groups: no DM (n = 1,027), well-controlled DM (mean glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] < 7.0% during the study period; n = 193), and poorly controlled DM (mean HbA1c ≥ 7.0% during the study period; n = 144). The primary outcome was the AS progression rate, calculated as the annualized change in the Vpeak (△Vpeak/year). Results Among the total study population (n = 1,364), the median age was 74 (IQR 65–80) years, 47% were male, the median HbA1c was 6.1% (IQR 5.6–6.9), and the median Vpeak was 2.5 m/sec (IQR 2.2–2.9). During follow-up (median 18.4 months), 16.1% of the 1,031 patients with mild AS at baseline progressed to moderate AS, and 1.8% progressed to severe AS. Among the 333 patients with moderate AS, 36.3% progressed to severe AS. The mean HbA1c level during follow-up showed a positive relationship with the AS progression rate (β = 2.620; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.732–4.507; p = 0.007); a 1%-unit increase in HbA1c was associated with a 27% higher risk of accelerated AS progression defined as △Vpeak/year values > 0.2 m/sec/year (adjusted OR = 1.267 per 1%-unit increase in HbA1c; 95% CI 1.106–1.453; p < 0.001), and HbA1c ≥ 7.0% was significantly associated with an accelerated AS progression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.524; 95% CI 1.010–2.285; p = 0.043). This association between the degree of glycemic control and AS progression rate was observed regardless of the baseline AS severity. Conclusion In patients with mild to moderate AS, the presence of DM, as well as the degree of glycemic control, is significantly associated with accelerated AS progression

5G 3GPP-like Channel Models for Outdoor Urban Microcellular and Macrocellular Environments

For the development of new 5G systems to operate in bands up to 100 GHz, there is a need for accurate radio propagation models at these bands that currently are not addressed by existing channel models developed for bands below 6 GHz. This document presents a preliminary overview of 5G channel models for bands up to 100 GHz. These have been derived based on extensive measurement and ray tracing results across a multitude of frequencies from 6 GHz to 100 GHz, and this document describes an initial 3D channel model which includes: 1) typical deployment scenarios for urban microcells (UMi) and urban macrocells (UMa), and 2) a baseline model for incorporating path loss, shadow fading, line of sight probability, penetration and blockage models for the typical scenarios. Various processing methodologies such as clustering and antenna decoupling algorithms are also presented.Comment: To be published in 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference Spring (VTC 2016-Spring), Nanjing, China, May 201