Use of mineral trioxide aggregrate in the non-surgical repair of perforating invasive cervical resorption

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has shown potential as a repair material for perforations. This clinical case demonstrates that when MTA was used as a repair material for root perforation due to invasive cervical resorption, the tooth was well in function for 27 months. Both clinical and radiographic follow-up showed a stable condition without any probing defect, ongoing root resorption, or apical pathosis

Extreme waves generated by Typhoon Bolaven (201215) in Southern Korean waters

Unusual extreme waves were generated by Typhoon Bolaven (201215) in the Southern Korean Waters\ud (SKW) and gave destructive damages to the breakwaters of Seogwipo Harbor at Jeju Island. The waves were far\ud exceeding the design wave height (Hs50yrs 9.3m) and their duration was 14hours. The duration is a very significant\ud factor as much as the design wave height for breakwater armor stability in terms of cumulative damages. A significant\ud increase in strong typhoon intensity and duration in North West Pacific (NWP) due to global warming has been reported\ud and also in landfall typhoons on Korea/Japan in a recent decade. The frequency of typhoon passed SKW region had an\ud inter-annual and also a decadal variation and decreased in recent years, but several strong typhoons were occurred.\ud Bolaven was affected by high pressure distribution located above the warm eddy region to track toward NNW rather\ud than NE as usual in August. The extreme waves were analyzed with respect to typhoon genesis, evolution of the waves\ud through extensive measured data and model simulation. Numerical models of TC96 for the wind fields and WAM4.5.2\ud for the waves were used after calibration with measured data and correction of Cd in wave growth term. They produced\ud reasonably good results. It was found that the extreme waves were evolved by combination of distant large swell and\ud strong wind seas generated by consistent strong winds from front right quadrant of typhoon track for such a long time.\ud The variation of those waves was relatively small as 1-2m, which might be due to limitation of wave growth for\ud U>30m/s and bottom energy dissipation of long period waves in the region. It is essential to hindcast accurately the\ud extreme waves for design of the breakwaters and also for assessment of coastal flooding and coastal erosion in a\ud warming climate

A key to room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO: Cu

Successful synthesis of room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors, Zn$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$O, is reported. The essential ingredient in achieving room-temperature ferromagnetism in bulk Zn$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$O was found to be additional Cu doping. A transition temperature as high as 550 K was obtained in Zn$_{0.94}$Fe$_{0.05}$Cu$_{0.01}$O; the saturation magnetization at room temperature reached a value of $0.75 \mu_{\rm B}$ per Fe. Large magnetoresistance was also observed below $100$K.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Appl. Phys. Let

The Effect of Negative Poisson’s Ratio Polyurethane Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications

An auxetic polyurethane (PU) scaffold was prepared to investigate chondrocyte proliferation under compressive stimulation for cartilage regeneration. To give a negative Poisson’s ratio to the PU scaffold, volumetric compression with a 3 : 1 ratio was applied during heat treatment. For the control PU scaffold, the Poisson’s ratio was 0.9 ± 0.25 with elongation at 20% of the strain range. Poisson’s ratio for experimental specimens was approximately −0.4 ± 0.12 under the same conditions. In cell proliferation tests, cells were cultivated within the prepared scaffold under compression with a 20% strain range. With a 20% strain range elongation, the compressive load was approximately 0.3 N. The experimental group showed a 1.3 times higher cellular proliferation rate than that of the control group after 3 days in culture. At day 5 of culture, however, the rate of proliferation of the control group increased so that there was no significant difference between groups. However, collagen content (produced by the cells) in the cell-proliferated medium was 1.5 times higher in the experimental group after 5 days in culture. This may have been due to the effectiveness of the auxetic structure of the scaffold. An isotropic compressive load was transmitted to the cells due to the negative Poisson ratio of the scaffold