A NATIONWIDE, STATE-LEVEL, ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL CONFINEMENT POLICY BY SELECTED SPECIES

We have addressed the impact of state environmental regulation on the livestock industry by selected two species. Beef cattle, as a leading livestock of the U.S, has experienced relatively steady structural transformation, on the other hand, hog industry has changed rapidly of its size and the location. The beef industry more or less sticks with traditional factors rather than regulation. On the other hand, the hog industry, which has more chance to adopt the stringency of state regulation during the special movement, is more sensitive by the stringency of regulation, especially in the large operation.Livestock Production/Industries,

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INFLUENCES ON LIVESTOCK STOCKING AND LOCATION DECISIONS

This paper explores the relationship between state level environmental regulations and stocking and location decisions in the U.S livestock and poultry industry (beef, chicken, dairy and hogs). Rather than conduct this analysis on a species-by-species basis, we choose to focus upon the overall size of the livestock industry (expressed in animal units) and the size of industry found on large, medium and small operations by state (48) and over time (28 yrs). Results indicate that industry may drive policy rather than the converse. However, since we also find that existing policy rules have differential impacts on the industry by operation size, we conclude that structural change in the industry may be driven in part by size or legal structure discriminating regulations.Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

Effect of livestock industry location on rural residential property values, The

September 2004.Includes bibliographical references

A NATIONWIDE, STATE-LEVEL, ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL CONFINEMENT POLICY BY SELECTED SPECIES

We have addressed the impact of state environmental regulation on the livestock industry by selected two species. Beef cattle, as a leading livestock of the U.S, has experienced relatively steady structural transformation, on the other hand, hog industry has changed rapidly of its size and the location. The beef industry more or less sticks with traditional factors rather than regulation. On the other hand, the hog industry, which has more chance to adopt the stringency of state regulation during the special movement, is more sensitive by the stringency of regulation, especially in the large operation

Nanotribological Effect of Water Layers Intercalated between Exfoliated MoS2 and Mica

© 2020 American Chemical Society. When the two-dimensional material molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is exfoliated on a hydrophilic substrate such as mica, a layer of water is intercalated at the interface at a relative humidity over 20%. This intercalated water layer increases friction at a microscopic scale by providing an additional excitation channel. Using atomic force microscopy, we quantitatively examined various frictional effects from the intercalated water layer. A general tendency of friction dependence on the number of MoS2 and water layers followed the case of graphene exfoliated on mica, despite different structure, layer thickness, hydrophilicity, and water growth mode in the intercalated water layer. These phenomena reveal a universal trend of frictional behavior in confined water, indicating that the physical and electronic properties of the atomic layer covering intercalated water layers do not play an important role11sci

Atomic scale friction properties of confined water layers

© 2021 Author(s).The atomic scale friction properties of water layers are a highly important subject for understanding the lubricating mechanism of ice. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials gave rise to an excellent platform for investigating the tribological properties of water, since water layers can be easily intercalated between 2D layers and hydrophilic substrates. In this Review, we highlight recent research on the friction properties of the confined water between hydrophilic (mica and silica) substrates and 2D materials. Recent friction force microscopy work has revealed the nanotribological properties of water intercalated between 2D materials (e.g., graphene and MoS2), and a hydrophilic substrate increases the friction force. Moreover, the friction on both graphene and MoS2 increased as the number of stacking water layers increased. On the other hand, the magnitude of friction increase went down as the number of covering 2D layers above the intercalated water layer increased; the friction is eventually indistinguishable from the multilayer stack excluded water adsorption. The isotope effect of frictional enhancement has been addressed, and it was shown that the intercalation of deuterium oxide (D2O) leads to the decrease of friction at H2O intercalated graphene on mica due to the lower vibrational frequency of D2O adsorbate, which is associated with the low rate of frictional energy dissipation at the interface. Water exfoliated by 2D layers prepared with mechanical exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition exhibits similar frictional enhancement, indicating the universal tendency of friction by intercalated water between 2D atomic layers and hydrophilic surfaces.11Nsciescopu

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INFLUENCES ON LIVESTOCK STOCKING AND LOCATION DECISIONS

This paper explores the relationship between state level environmental regulations and stocking and location decisions in the U.S livestock and poultry industry (beef, chicken, dairy and hogs). Rather than conduct this analysis on a species-by-species basis, we choose to focus upon the overall size of the livestock industry (expressed in animal units) and the size of industry found on large, medium and small operations by state (48) and over time (28 yrs). Results indicate that industry may drive policy rather than the converse. However, since we also find that existing policy rules have differential impacts on the industry by operation size, we conclude that structural change in the industry may be driven in part by size or legal structure discriminating regulations

Catechin gallates are NADP(+)-competitive inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and other enzymes that employ NADP(+) as a coenzyme

Recent studies have shown that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an effectual therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. In this study, we used in silico and conventional screening approaches to identify putative inhibitors of G6PD and found that gallated catechins (EGCG, GCG, ECG, CG), but not ungallated catechins (ECG, GC, EC, C), were NADP+-competitive inhibitors of G6PD and other enzymes that employ NADP+ as a coenzyme, such as IDH and 6PGD.close161