Screening and comparison of elite male and female soccer players for ecg changes associated with sudden cardiac death

Young athletes are twice as prone to sudden cardiac death (SCD) when compared to young non-athletes. The paper aimed to determine the differences in ECG changes between elite male and female soccer players and how ECG changes can be used to predict the possibility of SCD. In this cross-sectional study, 148 elite soccer players (77 men, 71 women), 14-21 years, were randomly selected. Following the anthropometric measurements, an ECG was used to determine the parameters related to sudden death. The American Heart Association questionnaire (AHA) was used to determine the demographic information and health history of participants. Related to normal ECG findings, a significant difference was found between genders for right ventricular hypertrophy, sinus bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia. Increased QRS voltage and early repolarisation/ST-segment elevation were seen only in men. Related to incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB), no significant differences were observed between genders in terms of T wave inversion in V1-V3, ectopic atrial or junctional rhythm, and 1°AV (atrioventricular) node block. Related to abnormal ECG findings, there were significant differences between genders for T wave inversion and T wave inversion local. Using an ECG during screening and check-ups is vital for all soccer player

بررسی تأثیر غوطه‌وری در آب سرد بر شاخص‌های عصبی- عضلانی خستگی ناشی از فعالیت سرعتی تکراری؛ بخش اول

مقدمه: با توجه به انجام انواع فعالیت‌های ورزشی طی مسابقات ورزشی، میزان خستگی و چگونگی کاهش آن متفاوت است. بر همین اساس، هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان تغییرات مجذور میانگین ریشه (Root mean square یا RMS) و فرکانس متوسط (Median frequency یا MDF) عضلات چهارسر رانی و همسترینگ، به عنوان عوامل خستگی عصبی- عضلانی پس از غوطه‌وری در آب سرد به دنبال Repeated-sprint ability (RSA) بود. مواد و روش‌ها: به این منظور، 20 ورزشکار تمرین کرده، برای شرکت در این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. پس از انجام فعالیت سرعتی تکراری، 10 نفر از آزمودنی‌ها داخل آب سرد با دمای 14 درجه‌ سانتی‌گراد و 10 نفر دیگر در دمای اتاق به شکل غیر فعال قرار گرفتند. اندازه‌گیری الکترومایوگرافی (Electromyography یا EMG) حین حداکثر انقباض ارادی قبل و پس از انجام هر ست RSA و همچنین، پس از Cold water immersion (CWI) یا استراحت غیر فعال و پس از 24 ساعت انجام شد. یافته‌ها: پس از RSA در روز اول، کاهش معنی‌داری در RMS عضلات پهن جانبی [037/0 = PCWI، 010/0 = PCON (PControl)] و راست رانی (001/0 = PCON, CWI) رخ داد و همچنین، MDF عضله پهن جانبی تغییرات معنی‌داری (100/0 = PCWI و 850/0 = PCON) طی فعالیت سرعتی تکراری نداشت، در حالی که مقادیر MDF عضله راست رانی، به طور مستقیم پس از آب سرد (001/0 > P) و در آخرین ست روز دوم (030/0 = P) کاهش معنی‌داری را نشان داد. نتیجه‎گیری: این پژوهش نشان داد که غوطه‌وری در آب سرد، در مقایسه با ریکاوری غیر فعال، تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد عصبی- عضلانی ندارد

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Inflammatory Markers, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Overweight/Obese Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Chronic inflammation associated with breast cancer (BC) poses a major challenge in care management and may be ameliorated by physical activity. This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on inflammatory markers, body composition, and physical fitness in BC survivors (BCS). Methods: Forty BCS (age = 57 ± 1 years; body mass [BM] = 74.8 ± 1.5 kg; VO2peak = 20.8 ± 2.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT (n = 15), MICT (n = 15), or control (CON; n = 15). The intervention groups (HIIT and MICT) performed their respective exercise protocols on a cycle ergometer 3 days/week for 12 weeks while the CON group maintained their current lifestyle. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included body composition (BM, fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM)), physical fitness (VO2peak, lower body strength (LBS), upper body strength (UBS)), and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, and adiponectin. Results: Both intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) decreased BM (HIIT = −1.8 kg, MICT = −0.91 kg), FM (HIIT = −0.81 kg, MICT = −0.18 kg), TNF-α (HIIT = −1.84 pg/mL, MICT = −0.99 pg/mL), IL-6 (HIIT = −0.71 pg/mL, MICT = −0.36 pg/mL), leptin (HIIT = −0.35 pg/mL, MICT = −0.16 pg/mL) and increased VO2peak (HIIT = 0.95 mL·kg−1·min−1, MICT = 0.67 mL·kg−1·min−1), LBS (HIIT = 2.84 kg, MICT = 1.53 kg), UBS (HIIT = 0.53 kg, MICT = 0.53 kg), IL-10 (HIIT = 0.63 pg/mL, MICT = 0.38 pg/mL), and adiponectin (HIIT = 0.23 ng/mL, MICT = 0.1 ng/mL) compared to baseline. The changes in BM, FM, TNF-α, leptin, and LBS were significantly greater in HIIT compared to all other groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that compared to the often-recommended MICT, HIIT may be a more beneficial exercise therapy for the improvement of inflammation, body composition and LBS in BCS; and consequently, merits long-term stud