Widening basins of attraction of optimal iterative methods

[EN] In this work, we analyze the dynamical behavior on quadratic polynomials of a class of derivative-free optimal parametric iterative methods, designed by Khattri and Steihaug. By using their parameter as an accelerator, we develop different methods with memory of orders three, six and twelve, without adding new functional evaluations. Then a dynamical approach is made, comparing each of the proposed methods with the original ones without memory, with the following empiric conclusion: Basins of attraction of iterative schemes with memory are wider and the behavior is more stable. This has been numerically checked by estimating the solution of a practical problem, as the friction factor of a pipe and also of other nonlinear academic problems.This research was supported by Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad MTM2014-52016-C02-2-P and Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2016/089.Bakhtiari, P.; Cordero Barbero, A.; Lotfi, T.; Mahdiani, K.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR. (2017). Widening basins of attraction of optimal iterative methods. Nonlinear Dynamics. 87(2):913-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-016-3089-2S913938872Amat, S., Busquier, S., Bermúdez, C., Plaza, S.: On two families of high order Newton type methods. Appl. Math. Lett. 25, 2209–2217 (2012)Amat, S., Busquier, S., Bermúdez, C., Magreñán, Á.A.: On the election of the damped parameter of a two-step relaxed Newton-type method. Nonlinear Dyn. 84(1), 9–18 (2016)Chun, C., Neta, B.: An analysis of a family of Maheshwari-based optimal eighth order methods. Appl. Math. 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Modality-Specific Axonal Regeneration: Toward Selective Regenerative Neural Interfaces

Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces have been proposed as viable alternatives for the natural control of robotic prosthetic devices. However, sensory and motor axons at the neural interface are of mixed sub-modality types, which difficult the specific recording from motor axons and the eliciting of precise sensory modalities through selective stimulation. Here we evaluated the possibility of using type specific neurotrophins to preferentially entice the regeneration of defined axonal populations from transected peripheral nerves into separate compartments. Segregation of mixed sensory fibers from dorsal root ganglion neurons was evaluated in vitro by compartmentalized diffusion delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), to preferentially entice the growth of TrkA+ nociceptive and TrkC+ proprioceptive subsets of sensory neurons, respectively. The average axon length in the NGF channel increased 2.5-fold compared to that in saline or NT-3, whereas the number of branches increased threefold in the NT-3 channels. These results were confirmed using a 3D “Y”-shaped in vitro assay showing that the arm containing NGF was able to entice a fivefold increase in axonal length of unbranched fibers. To address if such segregation can be enticed in vivo, a “Y”-shaped tubing was used to allow regeneration of the transected adult rat sciatic nerve into separate compartments filled with either NFG or NT-3. A significant increase in the number of CGRP+ pain fibers were attracted toward the sural nerve, while N-52+ large-diameter axons were observed in the tibial and NT-3 compartments. This study demonstrates the guided enrichment of sensory axons in specific regenerative chambers, and supports the notion that neurotrophic factors can be used to segregate sensory and perhaps motor axons in separate peripheral interfaces

Cyclic fatigue resistance and fractographic analysis of RaCe and ProTaper rotary NiTi instruments

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the fatigue and fracture modes of RaCe and ProTaper rotary instruments. MATERIALS & METHODS: Fatigue resistance was evaluated by rotating the files 30° or 60° and with 2 or 5mm radius of curvature. RaCe taper 06 size 25 and ProTaper F1 files (n=40) were used. The number of rotations to failure was analyzed by two-way ANOVA and independent sample    t-test. Fracture surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope.RESULTS: Both files exhibited significantly more resistance to fracture when angle severity was reduced and increase in curvature radius (P=0.000). ProTaper demonstrated higher number of cycle of failure (P=0.0029) in one group (r=5mm, 60º). SEM observation revealed fatigue mark/features in 17 specimens, shear characteristics in 37 samples, and tensile overload in 26 samples.CONCLUSION: Radius of curvature was the main factor in torsional and fatigue failures

Some new efficient multipoint iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems of equations

It is attempted to put forward a new multipoint iterative method of sixth-order convergence for approximating solutions of nonlinear systems of equations. It requires the evaluation of two vector-function and two Jacobian matrices per iteration. Furthermore, we use it as a predictor to derive a general multipoint method. Convergence error analysis, estimating computational complexity, numerical implementation and comparisons are given to verify applicability and validity for the proposed methods.This research was supported by Islamic Azad University - Hamedan Branch, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia MTM2011-28636-C02-02 and Universitat Politecnica de Valencia SP20120474.Lotfi, T.; Bakhtiari, P.; Cordero Barbero, A.; Mahdiani, K.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR. (2015). Some new efficient multipoint iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems of equations. International Journal of Computer Mathematics. 92(9):1921-1934. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2014.946412S1921193492

A Rapid and Sensitive Method for Measuring NAcetylglucosaminidase Activity in Cultured Cells

A rapid and sensitive method to quantitatively assess N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity in cultured cells is highly desirable for both basic research and clinical studies. NAG activity is deficient in cells from patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB) due to mutations in NAGLU, the gene that encodes NAG. Currently available techniques for measuring NAG activity in patient-derived cell lines include chromogenic and fluorogenic assays and provide a biochemical method for the diagnosis of MPS IIIB. However, standard protocols require large amounts of cells, cell disruption by sonication or freeze-thawing, and normalization to the cellular protein content, resulting in an error-prone procedure that is material- and time-consuming and that produces highly variable results. Here we report a new procedure for measuring NAG activity in cultured cells. This procedure is based on the use of the fluorogenic NAG substrate, 4- Methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MUG), in a one-step cell assay that does not require cell disruption or post-assay normalization and that employs a low number of cells in 96-well plate format. We show that the NAG one-step cell assay greatly discriminates between wild-type and MPS IIIB patient-derived fibroblasts, thus providing a rapid method for the detection of deficiencies in NAG activity. We also show that the assay is sensitive to changes in NAG activity due to increases in NAGLU expression achieved by either overexpressing the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal function, or by inducing TFEB activation chemically. Because of its small format, rapidity, sensitivity and reproducibility, the NAG one-step cell assay is suitable for multiple procedures, including the high-throughput screening of chemical libraries to identify modulators of NAG expression, folding and activity, and the investigation of candidate molecules and constructs for applications in enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and combination therapies

Deep Learning zur Kundenklassifizierung im Marketing

Für Firmen spielt Kundensegmentierung zur Verbesserung ihrer Absatzmöglichkeiten eine zunehmend größere Rolle. Dabei zeigt sich die Wahl der optimalen Methode zur Datenanalyse und Kundensegmentierung aus vielfältigen Gründen als entscheidende Voraussetzung für den Erfolg. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, am Beispiel des Datensatzes aus dem Bereich des E-Commerce Customer Segmentation zu untersuchen, ob die Anwendung von Deep Learning gegenüber den dort mit klassischem Machine Learning durchgeführten Segmentierungen bessere Ergebnisse erzielt. Die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse ermöglichen es, Kriterien für die optimale Methodenwahl näher zu bestimmen. Dazu ist es erforderlich, beim Datensatz die gleiche Datenvorverarbeitung wie in der Referenzarbeit zu verwenden, um die Ergebnisse des Deep Learning Modells mit jenen des Machine Learning Modells vergleichbar zu machen. Der Vergleich ergab, dass die Performance beim Deep Learning Verfahren mittig zwischen den Ergebnissen der anderen Machine Learning Algorithmen liegt. Die Performance ist den klassischen Machine Learning Verfahren bei der hier vorhandenen Größe des Datensatzes nicht überlegen. Daraus folgt, dass bei ähnlicher Performance die sonstigen Voraussetzungen der Methoden, wie zum Beispiel die Komplexität der Netzwerkarchitektur, die Trainingsgeschwindigkeit und die Hardwarevoraussetzungen, eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Die Erörterung verschiedener weiterer Methoden des Deep Learning deutet darauf hin, dass der Aufwand, damit gute Ergebnisse bei heterogenen Daten der Kundensegmentierung zu erreichen, noch nicht überzeugt

نقش انفاق در سلامت معنوی از دیدگاه قرآن و روایات

Background: The "Infagh" is a divine deposit from throne of God to man in which human looks the existence of GOD on one hand, and on the other hand, looks the God creation. "Infagh" in Islamic sources has a general meaning of that has a significant role in the human calm and spiritual health. Thus, this study aims to explain the educational functions of the "Infagh" and its role in spiritual health in view of the Quran and Hadith. Method: This interdisciplinary research has been done with Quranic-narrative approach and using of conceptual analysis. Results: Although the "Infagh" seems to being reduction of the man’s assets, but it really promotes the man’s happiness and causes of eternal welfare that with developing cognitive and behavioral factors and stripping of negative factors of human health give brings the spiritual health. Conclusion: "Infagh" with strengthen of social conscience and empathy by playing the "role of reinforcement", as well as to create affection and develop human interactions that called the "role of evolution" and also treating of avarice and stinginess and etc. has a high impact in promotion of the spiritual well-being of individuals and society and functions in both form of the stripping from and developing. Please cite this article as: Khakpour, H. Ajangan, P. Lotfi Mehroieh, M. (2017). The role of the "Infagh" in spiritual health in view of the Quran and Hadith. Med History J. 8(29): 139-164.مقدمه: «انفاق» ودیعه‌ای الهی از عرش کبریایی برای انسان خاکی است که در آن، انسان در این عمل از یکسو نظر به وجود الهی و از دیگر سوی، نگاه به خلق خداوند دارد. «انفاق» در منابع اسلامی معنای عامی داشته که اعم از اعطای مادی است و نقش به سزایی در آرامش و سلامت معنوی انسان دارد. بر این اساس هدف نوشته حاضر تبیین کارکردهای تربیتی انفاق و نقش آن در سلامت معنوی از دیدگاه قرآن و روایات می‌باشد. روش: این تحقیق میان رشته‌ای با رویکرد قرآنی ـ روایتی و با بهره‌گیری از شیوه تحلیل مفهومی انجام گردیده است. یافته‌ها: اگرچه «انفاق» در ظاهر کاسته‌شدن از داشته‌های مادی انسان است، اما در باطن باعث ارتقای روحیه شادکامی و موجب سعادت اخروی است که با ایجاد مؤلفه‌های شناختی و رفتاری و سلب مؤلفه‌های منفی از انسان سلامت روح و روان را به ارمغان می‌آورد. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: «انفاق» با تقویت وجدان اجتماعی و روحیه همدلی با ایفای «نقش تقویتی»، در کنار ایجاد الفت و گسترش تعاملات انسانی که به نقش تکاملی نامبردار است و نیز با درمان بیماری‌های بخل و مال دوستی و سایر نقش‌های دیگر، تأثیر بالایی در ارتقای سلامت معنوی فرد و جامعه دارد و کارکردهای آن در دو شکل ایجادی و سلبی تجلی می‌گردد

The Effect of Climate Change on Sorghum's Yield in the Abhar Plain

Temperature is one of the factors affecting plant growth. Hence, in this paper, future temperature trends in Abhar region affected by climate change during future periods was evaluated and compared with the period of observation. Plant yield in the future and different cultivation periods was later simulated and estimated through AquaCrop simulation model of plant yield. The study observation period was considered as 1986-2010 AD, near horizon 2011-2045, the average horizon 2046-2079 and 2080-2100 horizon in the current study. LARS-WG software was used in HadCM3 model and A2 scenario in order to downscale the results of general atmosphere circulation's simulation model. Furthermore, the scenario file was generated in this study. According to the results obtained, the highest yield wil be cultivated on May 26 with 46.29 tons per hectare and the lowest yield will be produced on June 5 with 40.6 tons per hectare. If we change the traditional cultivation time from May 15 to May 26, a growth of 0.28 tons per hectare will be expected.  The highest yield will be on May 15 in the future. Moreover, the sorghum's yield will decrease. Lesser photosynthesis during the shorter growing season and C4 photosynthetic system of this product could be involved in this yield loss

investigation of static Balance control in 4-6 years old children with using the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (P-CTSIB)

Objectives: Undiagnosed balance disorders during childhood can negatively affect children functional abilities such as reading and school performance. The Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (P-CTSIB) reflects how children combine and use different sensory information to react to different conditions in the static balance. This study aimed to examine balance control in normal 4-6 years old children in Tehran, Iran using P-CTSIB. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 121, 4-6 years old preschools children in Tehran. The P-CTSIB includes 12 conditions that are a combination of visual conditions (eyes open, eyes closed wearing visual-conflict dome), support surface (stand on firm surface or foam), and feet positions (feet-together and heel-toe). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and repeated measures and post-hoc tests were used for age and gender comparisons. Results: Average standing time, anterior-posterior sway, and lateral sway in the P-CTSIB conditions were evaluated in different age groups. Different age groups had significantly different scores on the three items of the test (P0.05). Discussion: Given that all children had a better performance on the feet together position in P-CTSIB, this position can be used to assess balance performance in all 4-6 years old children

Association between dietary insulin index and load with brain derived neurotrophic factor, adropin and metabolic health status in Iranian adults

Abstract The associations of high potential insulinogenic foods with metabolic health (MH) status and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin were not investigated quite enough. We examined the relationship between dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with MH and serum levels of BDNF and adropin among Iranian adults. This cross-sectional investigation accomplished among 527 Iranian middle-aged adults (54.3% men). Dietary information was obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were assessed. For measuring lipid and glycemic profile and serum levels of BDNF and adropin, blood samples were assembled after 12 h of fasting. MH was defined based on lipid and glycemic profile, high blood pressure, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. After adjustments all confounders, participants in the highest tertile of DII compared to the lowest one had a 115% increased odds for metabolic unhealthy (MU) profile (ORT3 vs. T1 = 2.15, 95% CI 1.03–4.49). However, DIL was not related to MU. Higher DII was additionally associated with high blood pressure, in maximally-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1 = 3.57, 95% CI 1.61–7.92). Moreover, moderate DIL was significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia (ORT2 vs. T1 = 2.56, 95% CI 1.01–6.45). Each tertile increase in DII or DIL was not significantly associated with serum BDNF or adropin values. Greater DII was associated with higher chance of MU and hypertension in Iranian adults; but no association was found between DIL and metabolic health. DIL or DII was not related to circulating BDNF or adropin. To confirm these findings, additional prospective investigations are required