Social Anomia against the Backdrop of Misinformation/ Disinformation: a Cognitive Approach to the Multivalent Data in Cyberspace

The present study is an attempt to problematize the multivalent data in the cyberspace through the lenses of Wittgenstein’s analytic philosophy of language. Adopting this linguistic philosophy approach is aimed at exploring the dichotomous question of whether cyberspace is a possibility for social power or it is a contributory cause of communicative discontinuity and henceforth a possibility for social anomia. The central argument here is that within cyberspace there exist three languages at work each one with a degree of semiotic power: pictorial, verbal and mathematical. Since none of them is based on a one-to-one correspondence between the signifiers and the signifieds, the cyberspace users in practice are led to misinformation and disinformation instead of information. This situation creates an epistemic chasm in their real life. This is because their finite mind is not able to grasp the infinite reality of the cyberspace multivalent data. Accordingly, cyberspace with its abundance of misinformation and disinformation leads us to a mental disorder. This constitutes the real power of social media in creating a socio-political turmoil and anomia

The effect of caffeine on some cardiovascular factors in male student athletes

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine on some cardiovascular factors and endurance exercises in male student athletes. Thus, 45 subjects with an average age of 20-28, height of 163.4-182.5 centimetres, and weight of 59.9-73.9 kg were matched into three groups as follows: experimental (1) Taking caffeine one hour before exercise (OHBE), experimental (2) taking caffeine three hour before exercise (THBE), and control group taking placebo. Descriptive statistic and One-Way Analysis of variance, dependent t, and follow-up Tukey test at (p= 0.05) were used to analyze data. The results showed that there were a significant difference between heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood glucose (BG) and time of endurance performance (TEP) in experimental groups and control group

The effect of eight-week sprint and endurance interval training on some lung volumes and capacities in female nonathletic students at Islamic Azad University of Abadan

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight-week sprint and endurance interval training on some lung volumes and capacities in female nonathletic students at Islamic Azad University of Abadan. 45 subjects (18 – 26 year old) were matched into three groups follow Control group, sprint interval training group and endurance interval training group. The effect of eightweek sprint and endurance interval training on Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Residual Volume, Vital Capacity and Total Lung Capacity was evaluated on pre and post test. Descriptive statistic and Manova and follow up Tukey Test at (α=0.05) were used to analyze data. The results showed that there was a significant increase in Expiratory Reserve Volume and Total Lung Capacity

Data analysis and the relationship between doctors and patients with type-2 diabetes in the treatment process

Background & Objective: Doctor-patient relationship plays an important role in adherence of patients to treatment instructions. This study tries to examine the relationship between physicians and patients with type 2 diabetes in the treatment process by the grounded theory. Materials and Methods: Eleven physicians and 9 diabetic patients in both sexes were selected from among all type 2 diabetic patients referred to physicians' offices in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. A semi-designed interview was used to gather information. Results: The factor influencing the physician's lived experiences in dealing with the patient and the patient's lived experiences in dealing with the physician was named as the "physician-patient discourse" factor. This factor included 9 categories in 2 central codes "physician-centered" and "patient-centered" in the physician's lived experiences with the patient and 4 categories in 2 central codes "awareness" and "confidence-building" in the patient's lived experiences in dealing with the physician. Conclusion: A discourse in which the physician allocates adequate time to efficiently convey training and information, and to take a complete history of the patient, and to establish an effective, friendly, and respectful relationship ultimately lead to the patient's trust. These factors can persuade the patient to adherence to the prescribed treatment

Multimixer-128: Universal Keyed Hashing Based on Integer Multiplication

In this paper we introduce a new keyed hash function based on 32-bit integer multiplication that we call Multimixer-128. In our approach, we follow the key-then-hash parallel paradigm. So, we first add a variable length input message to a secret key and split the result into blocks. A fixed length public function based on integer multiplication is then applied on each block and their results are added to form the digest. We prove an upper bound of 2−127 for the universality of Multimixer-128 by means of the differential probability and image probability of the underlying public function. There are vector instructions for fast 32-bit integer multiplication on many CPUs and in such platforms, Multimixer-128 is very efficient. We compare our implementation of Multimixer-128 with NH hash function family that offers similar levels of security and with two fastest NIST LWC candidates. To the best of our knowledge, NH hash function is the fastest keyed hash function on software and Multimixer-128 outperforms NH while providing same levels of security

Multimixer-128: Universal Keyed Hashing Based on Integer Multiplication

In this paper we introduce a new keyed hash function based on 32-bit integer multiplication that we call Multimixer-128. In our approach, we follow the key-then-hash parallel paradigm. So, we first add a variable length input message to a secret key and split the result into blocks. A fixed length public function based on integer multiplication is then applied on each block and their results are added to form the digest. We prove an upper bound of $2^{-127}$ for the universality of Multimixer-128 by means of the differential probability and image probability of the underlying public function. There are vector instructions for fast 32-bit integer multiplication on many CPUs and in such platforms, Multimixer-128 is very efficient. We compare our implementation of Multimixer-128 with NH hash function family that offers similar levels of security and with two fastest NIST LWC candidates. To the best of our knowledge, NH hash function is the fastest keyed hash function on software and Multimixer-128 outperforms NH while providing same levels of security

Validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™) Generic Core Scales in children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0) Generic Core Scales in children.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A standard forward and backward translation procedure was used to translate the US English version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales for children into the Iranian language (Persian). The Iranian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales was completed by 503 healthy and 22 chronically ill children aged 8-12 years and their parents. The reliability was evaluated using internal consistency. Known-groups discriminant comparisons were made, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The internal consistency, as measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients, exceeded the minimum reliability standard of 0.70. All monotrait-multimethod correlations were higher than multitrait-multimethod correlations. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the children self-report and parent proxy-reports showed moderate to high agreement. Exploratory factor analysis extracted six factors from the PedsQL™ 4.0 for both self and proxy reports, accounting for 47.9% and 54.8% of total variance, respectively. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for 6-factor models for both self-report and proxy-report indicated acceptable fit for the proposed models. Regarding health status, as hypothesized from previous studies, healthy children reported significantly higher health-related quality of life than those with chronic illnesses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The findings support the initial reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the PedsQL™ 4.0 as a generic instrument to measure health-related quality of life of children in Iran.</p

Relationship between health literacy skills and walking behavior to prevent osteoporosis among health volunteers

&nbsp;Background: Considering the effect of exercise and health literacy in preventing osteoporosis, the effect of health literacy in adopting preventive behaviors, and the role of health volunteers in transferring the health messages to the community, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy skills and adopting walking behavior to prevent osteoporosis in women health volunteers. Methods: &nbsp;In a cross-sectional study, 290 health volunteers referring to Qazvin health centers in 1399 were selected through Multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using a health literacy questionnaire (HELIA) and a questionnaire for the adoption of walking behaviors for the prevention of osteoporosis, and they were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression in SPSS software version 23. Results: The means of the adoption of behaviors were 10.57 ± 1.43. Age (P=0.034, OR=1.098), decision-making and application of health information (P&lt;0.001, OR=1.135), perception (P=0.031, OR=1.054) and evaluation skills (P=0.018, OR=1.049) were factors affecting the adoption of this behavior so that by increasing one score to these variables, the chance of adopting the behavior increased 1.098, 1.135, 1.054 and 1.049 respectively. Also, the level of education was another effective variable in adopting this behavior, so having a favorable level of adoption of this behavior in health volunteers with a diploma degree (P=0.017, OR=0.736) and below diploma (P=0.011, OR=0.960), were 0.736 and 0.960 times of those with university degrees respectively. &nbsp;Conclusion: &nbsp;To improve the adoption of walking behavior to prevent osteoporosis, we should pay special attention to effective health literacy skills in the health volunteers

The effect of hyperthyroidism on the levels of liver enzymes in adult male Wistar rats

 Thyrotoxicosis is a condition in which tissues are stimulated by increased secretion of thyroid hormone. The most common cause is diffuse toxic goiter and toxic multi-nodular goiter. For more reviews on this disease, the effects of hyperthyroidism on liver enzyme levels were studied. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing about 190 g were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. In this study, rats were divided into control group, the group receiving vitamin E, the group receiving levothyroxine, the group receiving levothyroxine treated with vitamin E; blood was taken from all groups over a period of 10 days after injection, and measurement of thyroid hormones and liver tests was made. The findings obtained in this study show that Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) hormone levels in rats treated with levothyroxine, Treatment with vitamin E may reduce serum levels of ISH , Hormone levels of T4 in the rats treated with levothyroxine were increased compared to normal rates. Treatment with vitamin E reduces serum levels of T4 compared to the first hyper group. T4 hormone levels in rats treated with levothyroxine were reduced compared to normal rates. Treatment with vitamin E may reduce serum levels of T4 compared with the first hyper group. Asparagine Transferase (AST) enzyme levels in rats treated with levothyroxine were increased compared, Treatment with vitamin E may reduce serum levels of AST , Alanine transferase (ALT) enzyme levels in rats treated with levothyroxine were increased , Treatment with vitamin E may increase serum levels of ALT , alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme levels in rats treated with levothyroxine has been increased compared with normal rates. Treatment with vitamin E resulted in serum levels of ALT not to be increased compared with the first group. According to the results of hyperthyroidism and levels of liver enzymes, it can be concluded that hyperthyroidism induced by levothyroxine can increase the levels of hormones T3, T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and then increase the levels of liver enzymes. Treatment of empirical samples with vitamin E is likely to reduce liver damages and prevent the increased levels of liver enzymes compared to empirical samples of hyperthyroidism which have been treated with vitamin E.

Universal Hashing Based on Field Multiplication and (Near-)MDS Matrices

In this paper we propose a new construction for building universal hash functions, a specific instance called multi-265, and provide proofs for their universality. Our construction follows the key-then-hash parallel paradigm. In a first step it adds a variable length input message to a secret key and splits the result in blocks. Then it applies a fixed-length public function to each block and adds their results to form the output. The innovation presented in this work lies in the public function: we introduce the multiply-transform-multiply-construction that makes use of field multiplication and linear transformations. We prove upper bounds for the universality of key-then-hash parallel hash functions making use of a public function with our construction provided the linear transformation are maximum-distance-separable (MDS). We additionally propose a concrete instantiation of our construction multi-265, where the underlying public function uses a near-MDS linear transformation and prove it to be $2^{-154}$-universal. We also make the reference code for multi-265 available