Can the studies at a spatial scale of 100s meters detect the spatiotemporal fluctuations of a parasite assemblage?

The importance of small-scale heterogeneity in local factors which overrides that of larger-scales factors, suggest that local factors play a major role in determining the richness and prevalence of larval digeneans in intertidal gastropods. The restricted distribution of the snail Heleobia australis along a 500 m transect in Cangrejo creek (Mar Chiquita, Argentina) provides a good opportunity to test the assumption that a study at spatial scale of 100s meters can detect spatiotemporal fluctuations of a larval digenean assemblage. To analyze that, 3600 specimens of H. australis were collected seasonally during the year 2011. A quantitative variation and a space-time interaction between sampling points and seasons of the year for the total prevalence of larval digeneans and snail’s densities were found, as well as a positive correlation with abiotic factors. These results revealed that the fluctuations in the community of larval digeneans of the snail H. australis can be detected at small spatial scale, using its natural distribution of 500 m. This study also highlights the importance of seasonality as a factor that must be considered in studies focused on the search for patterns structuring the communities of larval digeneans, at medium and large scales.Fil: Parietti, Manuela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Merlo, Matias Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Etchegoin, Jorge Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Stunting of the penis in Heleobia parchappii (Mollusca: Cochliopidae) and its relationship with parasitism

Penis anatomy is used to discriminate species of gastropods belonging to the family Cochliopidae; however, this characteristic may be affected by the presence of parasites. To evaluate the possible effect of parasites on penis length and number of papillae in Heleobia parchappii, 195 males were collected from the Nahuel Rucá Lagoon, Argentina. Male snails were only infected by trematode digeneans (total prevalence 45.13%). Three out of 9 species of digeneans registered showed prevalence values higher than 10%: Microphallus szidati, M. simillimus, and Notocotylidae sp. 1. The penis length of non-parasitized males and those parasitized by M. szidati and M. similimus increased with increased snail length; however, this increase was lower in infected snails. In the case of snails infected with Notocotylidae sp. 1, no relationship between shell length and penis length was apparent. Differences in the life cycles of these 3 digeneans could explain the null or lower penis growth rate in relation to host body growth. In contrast, no change was observed in the number of penial papillae of H. parchappii when these snails were infected by larval digeneans compared to those that were not infected. This indicates that penial papillae may be a more stable characteristic than penis length to discriminate between species within the Cochliopidae. The study of penial papillae should be central in the taxonomy and identification of new species within the Cochliopidae, as well as in previously described species.Fil: Merlo, Matias Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Parietti, Manuela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Etchegoin, Jorge Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Parasitología; Argentin

On the Concept of Power

This dissertation provides a definition of “power”, and examines the implication of said definition for the study of politics. The exam of extant debates, from Dahl to Lukes and Morriss, shows that a proper definition of power is still to be had; those so far proposed are either circular and/or so detached from the concept’s meaning in ordinary language that they cease to be about power. Re-connecting power to its meaning in natural languages is the necessary premise to any study of politics, be it empirical, theoretical, or normative: without the concept of power, we could not conceive of politics as a specific domain, either to be scientifically inquired or acted into. To formulate a viable definition, we have to recognize that “power” is not a “thing” or phenomenon, but rather refers to a state, or a modality, within which persons may be situated. Power is a modal concept, and the relevant modality, or category, is that of possibility. More specifically, “power” denotes the status, or condition, of having possibilities available and representing them as such. If and only if both conditions are present, then power can meaningfully be attributed. The implications of this definition are far reaching, as they show how, by adopting perspectives that variously eschew the category of possibility, significant portions of political science and political philosophy are, by their own design, incapable of properly conceptualizing power, and therefore politics. The main problem with political science is the attempt to methodologically reduce politics to causal and probabilistic regularities, which entails the disappearance of possibility in favor of necessity. Political philosophy, on the other hand, tends to prioritize various forms of a teleologically oriented normativity, which results in discarding possibility in favor of necessity, again losing sight of politics

Implicazioni etiche nell'utilizzo di farmaci in eta' pediatrica

Analisi del fenomeno di uso/abuso di farmaci psicoattivi in eta' pediatrica, attraverso una chiave di lettura socio-conflittuale. Nel corso del lavoro sono presi in esame tre disturbi che hanno una sempre maggior incidenza nella popolazione pediatrica, quali ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) insonnia e depressione, curati con farmaci psicoattivi. Sara' invece dimostrato come, salvo casi gravi, questa pratica sia lesiva e violenta nei confronti dei bambini, poiche' questi disturbi rappresentano piuttosto l'espressione di un disagio che dovrebbe essere indagato e risolto, attraverso un ascolto attivo del soggetto. La medicalizzazione in eta' pediatrica viene vista come una forma di violenza, diretta e strutturale, che coinvolge non solo i bambini, ma a vario titolo l'intera societa': in quest'ottica le relazioni che si vanno a costruire con i bambini assumono caratteristiche di violenza, trasformandoli da "soggetti" della relazione in "oggetti" sui quali si scarica tutto il potenziale violento. Si propone quindi un approccio etico che tenda a trasformare il comportamento da violento a costruttivo e nonviolento, di quanti si trovano ad agire, operare, vivere con i bambini. L'articolazione della tesi prevede un primo inquadramento del fenomeno, attraverso una breve descrizione dei disturbi presi in esame e delle sostanze medicinali utilizzate per il trattamento farmacologico; saranno in seguito analizzate a vario titolo le forme con cui la medicalizzazione attua una violenza diretta, ma soprattutto strutturale, sui soggetti pediatrici e su tutta la societa': verra' quindi discusso l'utilizzo off-label e unlicensed dei farmaci in pediatria, le possibili differenze di policy tra i paesi. In seguito saranno analizzate le strategie attraverso le quali le aziende farmaceutiche attuano violenza strutturale sulle societa', con una discussione sui fenomeni del "disease mongering", di "infomercial", di "seeding trial" e dei "bias" di pubblicazione dei tests clinici; particolare attenzione viene posta sui trials in eta' pediatrica, date le grandi implicazioni etiche al quale il fenomeno e' soggetto. Gli ultimi due capitoli riguardano alcuni aspetti sociologici e le implicazioni etiche che la medicalizzazione comporta: dopo un inquadramento della violenza alla quale i bambini sono sottoposti, verra' proposto un approccio etico tendente appunto alla trasformazione della violenza e che proponga una chiave di lettura diversa dei disturbi oggetto d'analisi

Miellin – La Verrerie

Date de l'opération : 2001 (PI) Le programme de prospection inventaire sur le site de la Verrerie de Miellin, à 2 km en amont du village, s’inscrit dans le cadre du programme européen Héritage bioculturel dans les forêts européennes. Le lieu-dit La Verrerie fait référence à une verrerie importante, parmi les plus anciennes installées dans la forêt royale de Saint-Antoine et qui a fonctionné pendant plus de cent ans, ce qui est exceptionnel, de 1729 à 1835. En 1789, l’inventaire qui avait été ..

Le site minier de la Grande Montagne à Plancher-les-Mines

La Grande Montagne est l’escarpement rocheux qui domine le village, derrière la mairie. Cet escarpement, constitué de roches volcaniques d’âge viséen, s’étend sur une longueur de 400 m et a d’abord été exploité à sa crête par le procédé de « pingen », c’est-à-dire de puits d’une dizaine de mètres de profondeur. On peut reconnaître encore une dizaine d’excavations espacées d’environ 20 m l’une de l’autre. Le creusement de galeries a été nécessaire afin d’atteindre le filon. D’énormes haldes, c..

Mines et métallurgie médiévales et modernes

L’année 1992, qui clôture l’autorisation triannuelle de prospection des mines et minières du nord de la Franche-Comté, a été marquée par l’intensification des prospections de surface, notamment sur les plateaux de Haute-Saône et de Rougemont (25). L’atlas dit « de Dieu » (Atlas cantonal de la Haute-Saône) sert de base aux recherches de terrain et on peut remarquer la disparition de nombreuses traces d’exploitation sur des sites pourtant en activité au xixe s. Par contre, de nombreux champs de..

The Career Readiness of Intercollegiate Athletes: Is There a Gender Gap?

Career development is one of the major objectives of universities. It is well-known that intercollegiate athletes have many time commitments that make it more challenging for them to focus on their career development. To compound this issue, the effectiveness of career development efforts may be impacted by the gender of the intercollegiate athlete. The purpose of this study was to examine the career readiness of student-athletes, focusing on differences based on gender. This was accomplished through the lenses of the social cognitive career theory and career decision self-efficacy. A total of 137 intercollegiate student-athletes at a large Midwestern university completed a career readiness instrument. It was found that there were differences between genders in the intercollegiate athlete’s perceived career readiness. Female intercollegiate student-athletes indicated lower levels of ability on career related skills, less confidence in their problem solving, higher levels of general indecisiveness about career choice, and a higher need for self-knowledge. There were similarities between the genders as well, such as the need for more career information and levels of career choice anxiety. Recommendations for programs to assist student-athletes in their career readiness and for areas of future research are provided

Digeneos larvales de Heleobia parchappii y de Heleobia australis en ambientes dulceacuícolas y estuariales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina).

El examen parasitológico de ejemplares de Heleobia parchappii (d’Orbigny, 1835) y de Heleobia australis (d’Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca, Cochliopidae), en ambientes dulceacuícolas y estuariales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), reveló la presencia de 7 nuevos estadios larvales de digeneos (cercarias) para estos hospedadores moluscos. Se describen estos estadios larvales que incluyen dos xiphidiocercarias, que no pudieron ser identificadas a nivel de familia, y cinco cercarias pertenecientes a las familias Acanthostomidae, Schistosomatidae, Aporocotylidae, Heterophyidae y Haploporidae.Parasitological examination of specimens of Heleobia parchappii (d’Orbigny, 1835) and Heleobia australis (d’Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca, Cochliopidae), from freshwater and estuarine environments of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina), revealed the presence of 7 new larval stages of digeneans (cercariae) for these molluscan hosts. These larval stages of digeneans include two xiphidiocercariae, and 5 cercariae belonging to the families Acanthostomidae, Schistosomatidae, Aporocotylidae and Haploporidae, respectively.Fil: Merlo, Matias Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Parietti, Manuela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Etchegoin, Jorge Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin