294 research outputs found
From biomass of poplar utilizations to byproducts
According to recent bioeconomy programs, chemical compounds derived from natural sources will be more available in regions where these compounds can be obtained economically than more expensive synthetic chemicals. In addition, the biorefinery is becoming an important aspect for green chemistry development aimed at ensuring the necessity to achieve the best objectives as favourable as possible from restricted natural resources such as forest biomass. One of the main scope is to generate diversified, innovative and renewable products using on-site bioresources such as biomass of wood and tree residues. Poplar tree species, including all their huge varieties, are largely cultivated in the world as a fast growing bioenergy crop. However the enormous potential of this specie in the other fields is still under-evaluated. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of thermal treatment at 180, 200 and 220 °C on wood extracts obtained via three different extraction techniques: Maceration, ultrasound-assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction. Results showed the effect of heat treatments and extraction techniques on polyphenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. This investigation clearly showed the differential effects of temperature and extraction techniques on both antioxidant activity and secondary compounds contents
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The Meteorite Fall in Carancas, Lake Titicaca Region, Southern Peru: First Results
The meteorite fall that occurred on September 15, 2007, in the Carancas community is a rare case where it is possible to study both impact phenomenology and meteorite characteristics, including accurate time framework
Half-metallic antiferromagnets in double perovskites: LaAVRuO (A=Ca, Sr, and Ba)
Based on the theoretical exploration of electronic structures, we propose
that the ordered double perovskites LaAVRuO and LaVO/ARuO (001)
superlattice (A = Ca, Sr and Ba) are strong candidates for half-metallic (HM)
antiferromagnets (AFMs). %LaAVRuO and LaVO/ARuO have the %100% spin
polarizations at the Fermi level but with zero %total magnetic moments. We have
shown that the HM-AFM nature in LaAVRuO is very robust regardless of (i)
divalent ion replacement at A-sites, (ii) oxygen site relaxation, (iii) the
inclusion of the Coulomb correlation, and (iv) cation disorder. A type of the
double exchange interaction is expected to be responsible for the
half-metallicity and the antiferromagnetism in these systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
G-type antiferromagnetism and orbital ordering due to the crystal field from the rare-earth ions induced by the GdFeO_3-type distortion in RTiO_3 with R=La, Pr, Nd and Sm
The origin of the antiferromagnetic order and puzzling properties of LaTiO_3
as well as the magnetic phase diagram of the perovskite titanates are studied
theoretically. We show that in LaTiO_3, the t_{2g} degeneracy is eventually
lifted by the La cations in the GdFeO_3-type structure, which generates a
crystal field with nearly trigonal symmetry. This allows the description of the
low-energy structure of LaTiO_3 by a single-band Hubbard model as a good
starting point. The lowest-orbital occupation in this crystal field stabilizes
the AFM(G) state, and well explains the spin-wave spectrum of LaTiO_3 obtained
by the neutron scattering experiment. The orbital-spin structures for RTiO_3
with R=Pr, Nd and Sm are also accounted for by the same mechanism. We point out
that through generating the R crystal field, the GdFeO_3-type distortion has a
universal relevance in determining the orbital-spin structure of the perovskite
compounds in competition with the Jahn-Teller mechanism, which has been
overlooked in the literature. Since the GdFeO_3-type distortion is a universal
phenomenon as is seen in a large number of perovskite compounds, this mechanism
may also play important roles in other compounds of this type.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figure
Orbital Physics in the Perovskite Ti Oxides
In the perovskite Ti oxide RTiO3 (R=rare-earth ions), the Ti t2g orbitals and
spins in the 3d^1 state couple each other through the strong electron
correlations, resulting in a rich variety of orbital-spin phases. The origin
and nature of orbital-spin states of these Mott insulators have been
intensively studied. In this article, we review the studies on orbital physics
in the perovskite titanates. We focus on the following three topics: (1) the
origin and nature of the ferromagnetism as well as the orbital ordering in the
compounds with relatively small R ions such as GdTiO3 and YTiO3, (2) the origin
of the G-type antiferromagnetism and the orbital state in LaTiO3, and (3) the
orbital-spin structures in other AFM(G) compounds with relatively large R ions
(R=Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm). On the basis of these discussions, we discuss the whole
phase diagram together with mechanisms of the magnetic phase transition. We
also show that the Ti t2g degeneracy is inherently lifted in the titanates,
which allows the single-band descriptions of the ground-state and low-energy
electronic structures as a good starting point. Our analyses indicate that
these compounds offer touchstone materials described by the single-band Hubbard
model on the cubic lattice. From this insight, we also reanalyze the hole-doped
titanates. Experimentally revealed filling-dependent and bandwidth-dependent
properties and the critical behavior of the metal-insulator transitions are
discussed in the light of theories based on the single-band Hubbard models.Comment: Review article, 26 pages, to appear in New Journal of Physic
Status of the EDELWEISS Experiment
The status of the EDELWEISS experiment (underground dark matter search with
heat-ionisation bolometers) is reviewed. Auspicious results achieved with a
prototype 70 g Ge heat-ionisation detector under a 2 V reverse bias tension are
discussed. Based on gamma and neutron calibrations, a best-case rejection
factor, over the 15-45 keV range, of 99.7 % for gammas, with an acceptance of
94 % for neutrons, is presented first. Some operational results of physical
interest obtained under poor low radioactivity conditions follow. They include
a raw event rate of around 30 events/day/kg/keV over the same energy range,
and, after rejection of part of the background, lead to a conservative upper
limit on the signal of approximately 1.6 events/day/kg/keV at a 90 % confidence
level. Performance degrading surface effects of the detector are speculated
upon; and planned upgrades are summarized.Comment: 5 pages, 4 eps figures, LaTeX requires espcrc2.sty; Proceedings of
TAUP97, Gran Sasso, Italy, September 7-11, 199
Precise measurement of 2 νββ decay of 100 Mo with the CUPID-Mo detection technology
We report the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta (2 νββ) decay of 100Mo to the ground state of 100Ru using lithium molybdate (Li2100MoO4) scintillating bolometers. The detectors were developed for the CUPID-Mo program and operated at the EDELWEISS-III low background facility in the Modane underground laboratory (France). From a total exposure of 42.235 kg× day, the half-life of 100Mo is determined to be T1/22ν=[7.12-0.14+0.18(stat.)±0.10(syst.)]×1018 years. This is the most accurate determination of the 2 νββ half-life of 100Mo to date
The annual recurrence risk model for tailored surveillance strategy in patients with cervical cancer
Purpose:
Current guidelines for surveillance strategy in cervical cancer are rigid, recommending the same strategy for all survivors. The aim of this study was to develop a robust model allowing for individualised surveillance based on a patient's risk profile.
Methods:
Data of 4343 early-stage patients with cervical cancer treated between 2007 and 2016 were obtained from the international SCCAN (Surveillance in Cervical Cancer) consortium. The Cox proportional hazards model predicting disease-free survival (DFS) was developed and internally validated. The risk score, derived from regression coefficients of the model, stratified the cohort into significantly distinctive risk groups. On its basis, the annual recurrence risk model (ARRM) was calculated.
Results:
Five variables were included in the prognostic model: maximal pathologic tumour diameter; tumour histotype; grade; number of positive pelvic lymph nodes; and lymphovascular space invasion. Five risk groups significantly differing in prognosis were identified with a five-year DFS of 97.5%, 94.7%, 85.2% and 63.3% in increasing risk groups, whereas a two-year DFS in the highest risk group equalled 15.4%. Based on the ARRM, the annual recurrence risk in the lowest risk group was below 1% since the beginning of follow-up and declined below 1% at years three, four and >5 in the medium-risk groups. In the whole cohort, 26% of recurrences appeared at the first year of the follow-up, 48% by year two and 78% by year five.
Conclusion:
The ARRM represents a potent tool for tailoring the surveillance strategy in early-stage patients with cervical cancer based on the patient's risk status and respective annual recurrence risk. It can easily be used in routine clinical settings internationally
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