Dissecação de póstumos humanos? ferramenta de aprendizagem na técnica operatória e clínica cirúrgica do ensino médico / Dissection of human posthumous? learning tool in operative technique and surgical practice of medical education

O presente trabalho avaliou o grau de facilitação na apreensão do conhecimento e facilitação da aprendizagem nas disciplinas técnica operatória e clínica médica, de acadêmicos da área médica egressos do Curso de Dissecação e Necropsia da UFG. Ofertaram-se, de forma continuada, seis cursos anuais de dissecação e necrópsia, destinados a acadêmicos de cursos médicos, visando promover a readequação constante dos conteúdos práticos pedagógicos e a excelência do ensino, além de promover maior integração dos discentes com as disciplinas correlatas. Cada curso teve a duração de 100 horas teórico-práticas. Avaliaram-se 174 discentes de seis cursos ofertados, por seu desempenho, e após a conclusão, através da análise dos trabalhos práticos. 132 concluintes responderam um questionário temático, voluntariamente, versando sobre a integração das disciplinas técnica operatória e clínica cirúrgica, após assinatura de termo de livre consentimento e participação. Os concluintes responderam o instrumento proposto, após a conclusão das disciplinas correlatas – técnica operatória e clínica cirúrgica. A maioria relatou que o curso de dissecação e necrópsia foi fundamental para seu bom desempenho naquelas disciplinas, pois tivera oportunidade de vivenciar, através da prática, previamente

Repercussões da aprendizagem por meio de aulas remotas para o curso de medicina durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Repercussions of learning through remote classes for the medicine course during the covid-19 pandemic

Diante a Pandemia de Covid-19, as aulas remotas tornaram-se um componente fundamental para a continuidade da educação em todo o mundo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a aprendizagem por meio de aulas remotas para o curso de medicina durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em instituições públicas e privadas no Brasil. Participaram deste estudo 182 estudantes do curso de medicina. Destes 12% responderam que as aulas remotas permitiram compreender o conteúdo de forma excelente e 20% que o aprendizado foi muito bom. Em contrapartida, 45% relataram que o aprendizado foi insatisfatório e 23% afirmam que a aprendizagem foi apenas regular. 50% relataram que o uso da tecnologia pelos professores era falho e 60% tiveram problemas de acesso e manutenção à internet como fator limitante da aprendizagem.  65% relataram que as maiores dificuldades se devem à ausência de interação com professores, alunos e pacientes, quando as aulas são remotas e 95% afirmam que a falta de estudos em ambientes de aprendizagem prática e contato com pacientes, é o fator mais limitante. Em conclusão, o ensino remoto não é o método de educação ideal, mas é a ferramenta para continuidade das atividades. É necessário criar outros instrumentos de formação e competências técnicas, na ausência de atividades práticas, para uma melhor compreensão dos conhecimentos que são fundamentais na formação profissional em medicina

Influence of Rivastigmine transdermal on butyrylcholinesterase levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is) are among the main drugs approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rivastigmine in the form of a transdermal patch is an alternative delivery method, and can give greater treatment compliance. Objectives: To conduct a preliminary assessment of the neurocognitive and biological effects of oral and transdermal Rivastigmine in patients with AD and to identify a potential biological marker and demonstrate a possible relationship between esterase levels and behavioral scores of AD patients. Methods: Forty patients with AD were treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is), evaluated using the MMSE and NPI, and simultaneously sampled to determine their serum levels of AChE and BuChE for 180 days. Results: The differences obtained between oral and transdermal forms, as assessed by the MMSE and NPI scores of the AD patients, were not significant at the three time points examined (0, 90, and 180 days). However, serum BuChE levels of the transdermal group differed significantly (p<0.0004) compared with those of the oral group at 90 days. Conclusion: Use of a transdermal ChE-I, rivastigmine tartrate significantly reduced BuChE levels in the AD patients studied

DM-1, sodium 4-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-penta-1,4-dienyl]-2-methoxy-phenolate: a curcumin analog with a synergic effect in combination with paclitaxel in breast cancer treatment

This paper describes a new method for the preparation of sodium 4-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-penta-1,4-dienyl]-2-methoxy-phenolate, DM-1, and 3-oxo-penta-1,4-dienyl-bis (2-methoxy-phenolate), DM-2. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antitumor effects of DM-1 in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Mice bearing mammary adenocarcinomas (Ehrlich ascites tumors) were treated with paclitaxel alone, DM-1 alone, and paclitaxel + DM-1. Tumor samples were used to perform cytological analysis by the Papanicolaou method and apoptosis analysis by annexin V and phosphorylated caspase 3. The paclitaxel + DM-1 group had decreased tumor areas and tumor volumes, and the frequency of metastasis was significantly reduced. This caused a decrease in cachexia, which is usually caused by the tumor. Furthermore, treatment with paclitaxel + DM-1 and DM-1 alone increased the occurrence of apoptosis up to 40% in tumor cells, which is 35% more than in the group treated with paclitaxel alone. This cell death was mainly caused through phosphorylated caspase 3 (11% increase in paclitaxel + DM-1 compared to the paclitaxel group), as confirmed by reduced malignancy criteria in the ascitic fluid. DM-1 emerges as a potential treatment for breast cancer and may act as an adjuvant in chemotherapy, enhancing antitumor drug activity with reduced side effects.Sao Paulo Research FoundationSao Paulo Research FoundationFAPESP [2006/59450-1, 2004/11351-0]FAPES

Curcumin analog DM-1 in monotherapy or combinatory treatment with dacarbazine as a strategy to inhibit in vivo melanoma progression.

Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer with a high mortality rate if not discovered in early stages. Although a limited number of treatment options for melanoma currently exist, patients with a more aggressive form of this cancer frequently decline treatment. DM-1 is a sodium phenolate and curcumin analog with proven anticancer, anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic properties. In this paper, the DM-1 compound showed in vivo antitumor activity alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic DTIC in B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Beneficial effects such as melanoma tumor burden reduction with pyknotic nuclei, decreased nuclei/cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear degradation occurred after DM-1 treatment. No toxicological changes were observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs after DM-1 monotherapy or DTIC combined therapy. DTIC+DM-1 treatment induced the recovery of anemia arising from melanoma and immunomodulation. Both DM-1 treatment alone and in combination with DTIC induced apoptosis with the cleavage of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Furthermore, melanoma tumors treated with DM-1 showed a preferential apoptotic intrinsic pathway by decreasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Considering the chemoresistance exhibited by melanoma towards conventional chemotherapy drugs, DM-1 compound in monotherapy or in combination therapy provides a promising improvement in melanoma treatment with a reduction of side effects

Molecular structure of DM-1.

<p>Molecular structure of DM-1.</p

Involvement of apoptotic members in melanoma tissues samples of B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice.

<p>Protein total extracts were used to analyzed Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 after DTIC, DTIC+DM-1 or DM-1 treatment at the endpoint of the experiment. α-Tubulin expression was used as a loading control.</p