Light deflection by light: Effect of incidence angle and inhomogeneity

We study the angular deflection of the circular polarized components of a linearly polarized probe field in a weakly birefringent atomic system in tripod configuration. A spatially inhomogeneous control field incident obliquely onto an atomic vapor cell facilitates a large angular divergence between circular components. We show that the angular resolution can be dynamically controlled by optimally choosing the angle of incidence and the transverse profile of the control beam. For instance, by employing a Laguerre-Gaussian profile of the control field, one can impart a large angular divergence to the circular components close to the entry face of the atomic vapor cell. We further demonstrate how such a medium causes the focusing and refocusing of the probe field, thereby acting as a lens with multiple foci. The absorption in the medium remains negligible at resonance due to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)

MAC protocols for low-latency and energy-efficient WSN applications

Most of medium access control (MAC) protocols proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSN) are targeted only for single main objective, the energy efficiency. Other critical parameters such as low-latency, adaptivity to traffic conditions, scalability, system fairness, and bandwidth utilization are mostly overleaped or dealt as secondary objectives. The demand to address those issues increases with the growing interest in cheap, low-power, low- distance, and embedded WSNs. In this report, along with other vital parameters, we discuss suitability and limitations of different WSN MAC protocols for time critical and energy-efficient applications. As an example, we discuss the working of IEEE 802.15.4 in detail, explore its limitations, and derive efficient application-specific network parameter settings for time, energy, and bandwidth critical applications. Eventually, a new WSN MAC protocol Asynchronous Real-time Energy-efficient and Adaptive MAC (AREA-MAC) is proposed, which is intended to deal efficiently with time critical applications, and at the same time, to provide a better trade-off between other vital parameters, such as energy-efficiency, system fairness, throughput, scalability, and adaptivity to traffic conditions. On the other hand, two different optimization problems have been formulated using application-based traffic generating scenario to minimize network latency and maximize its lifetime

Inter-relationship and path analysis of different traits of two line hybrid in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present study was undertaken with the objective to determine the nature and magnitude of variability, degree of association between yield and it`s component characters and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield in rice. The experiment was conducted on rice in year 2013-14 at Borlaug Crop Research Center of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. All the traits had positive correlation to seed yield per plant of rice except days to flowering at genotypic level and at the phenotypic level. At phenotypic level panicle length (0.2145) and harvest index (0.4713) had highly significant level and positive correlation to seed yield per plant. Grain number per panicle (0.1550) and panicle number per plant (0.1398) showed positive and level of significant correlation with seed yield per plant. The days to flowering (-0.1879) have highly significant level with negative correlation to seed yield per plant. Path analysis showed the positive and direct effect on seed yield per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level for panicle number per plant (0.393 and 0.380 respectively), panicle length (0.236 and 0.198), grain number per panicle (0.646 and 0.112) and harvest index (0.443 and 0.448). While days to flowering (-0.175 and -0.167) and plant height (-0.037 and -0.008) had negative direct effect. The traits which showed positive correlation and positive direct effect on seed yield per plant can be used to increase seed yield for further breeding programs and may be given due importance in selection during rice breeding programme

Gene action and component of genetic variance analysis in the thermo sensitive genetic male sterile (TGMS) line in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The field experiment conducted with eighteen TGMS lines, seventy two F1’s and four checks in randomized complete block design with three replications at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during Kharif 2013 and Kharif 2014. Estimates of variance of general combining ability were lower than those of variance of specific combining ability for all the traits e.g panicle number per plant (0.54), 1000 grain weight (1.50), harvest index (3.83) and grain yield per plant (17.09) showing preponderance of non-additive gene action except panicle length (1.28) and spikelet number per panicle(522.70) which showed high gca and indicated additive gene action. High estimates of broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance in mean percentage for Spikelet number per panicle (98 and 27.23 respectively). For grain yield per plant (98 and 14.38) and grain number per panicle (97 and 19.93) high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance (98 and 14.38) indicated the scope of getting better recombinants. Selection will be more effective for the traits those have high heritability and high genetic advance

On hydromagnetic thermosolutal convection coupled with cross-diffusion in completely confined fluids

The instability of thermosolutal convection coupled with crossdiffusion of an electrically conducting fluid completely confined in an arbitrary region bounded by rigid wall in the presences of a uniform magnetic field applied in an arbitrary direction is investigated. Some general qualitatively results concerning the character of marginal state, stability of oscillatory motions and limitations on the oscillatory motions of growing amplitude are derived. The results for the thermosolutal convection problems with or without the individual consideration of Dufour and Soret effects follow as a consequence