Shifting of Language Teaching Methodology from Traditional Classroom to Virtual Classroom

A new paradigm in the field of education has been noticed since last few years. The educators have accepted that they have to indulge themselves in technology based education with innovative methodology to challenge the current need and to coexist in the modified world. The instructors and the learners shift from traditional method to virtual method of teaching learning by adapting the conditional role of staying at home for the pandemic of corona virus all over the world and subsequently have understood the flexibility nature of teaching learning on this way. However, this is a challenging phase to shift educational environment from contemporary traditional classroom to a technology oriented learner centred classroom. Here, the teachers need to expertise on technological use, methodology of teaching, instructional strategy, and assessment and evaluation system and so on. This paper mainly aims to focus on methodological transformation in language teaching. For this study, information is collected from internet sources, books, newspaper article, lectures, and workshops

The Strategy of Inclusive Classroom Learning (ICL) and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) for Class X Students in the Govt. High Schools under Khagarijan Block of Nagaon District, Assam

Inclusive Classroom Learning (ICL) and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) are the challenging inclusions in the educational disciplines to standardize, modify, and universalize the ongoing education system, directed by NEP 2020 recently. According to this policy, inclusive classrooms may provide equal opportunity to every child irrespective of their physical, mental, social, and emotional capabilities. On the other hand, CLT will provide interactive and spontaneous learning and foster a joyful and productive educational environment. In high schools, especially the students of class X need special attention for their physical and mental growth, educational competence and maturity so that they can smoothly transact themselves from the secondary level to a higher level where hurdles and life challenges are waiting for them. In this paper, the researchers aim to highlight the activities or practices on the mentioned ground done for class X students in the Govt. schools of Nagaon Town (Khagarijan Block). An Interactive Method is selected to process this minor research paper. However, observation would also be done wherever possible within a limited time

Abundance study of fish species from Hel River of Kokrajhar, Assam, India

Hel River is an important river of Kokrajhar district of Assam, India, which is a great source of freshwater fish. Considering the availability of indigenous fish species in Hel River and consumption of these species by the local people, the prime objective of this study was to study the fishes in the river. The relative abundance of fishes along with the species richness and species evenness were calculated based on fish samplings from August 2014 to July 2015. A total of 1313 individuals belonging to 25 species were recorded, dominated by family Cyprinidae with nine species. The highest relative abundance was recorded for Barilius bendelisis (15.31%) followed by Garra gotyla (14.09%) and Barilius barna (13.78%). This study may serve as an important baseline for sustainable management of Hel River

Deflection angle and quasinormal modes of a de Sitter black hole in f(T,B)f(\mathcal{T}, \mathcal{B}) gravity

This work is intended to investigate the influence of the boundary term on the bending angle of light for a static spherically symmetric black hole in $f(\mathcal{T}, \mathcal{B})$ modified gravity. To this end, we use the Ishihara et al. method which allows us to derive the deflection angle of light for an observer and source at finite distances from a lens object in a non-asymptotically flat spacetime. This method interprets the viewpoint of the receiver. The obtained deflection angle becomes divergent at far distances from the lens object, which is due to the non-asymptotically flat spacetime. However, the divergence of the deflection angle can be controlled with the boundary term parameter $c_0$. For small values of the parameter $c_0$ this divergence can be minimized within the finite range of the source and observer. We also calculate the quasinormal modes of axial gravitational perturbations in the background of the black hole using the Pad\'e averaged sixth order WKB approximation method. We observed that the boundary term of the model has notable influence on the quasinormal modes of the black hole. It is seen that for the physically perceptible quasinormal mode frequencies from the black hole, the value of the boundary term parameter $c_0$ should be less than $0.08$. This result in fact supports the outcome of our deflection angle analysis.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Agro-morphological analysis of yield and yield attributing traits of wheat under heat stress condition

Wheat is the most important cereal crop worldwide and ranks third in Nepal. Improvements in wheat yield can be done effectively by selection for yield attributing traits. In this experiment, twenty wheat genotypes were evaluated in the terai region of Nepal at Paklihawa, Rupandehi in Alpha lattice design under heat stress conditions. The characters were evaluated to find their correlation and direct and indirect effects on yield. Positive significant correlation of grain yield with No. of spikes m-2 (0.405) and harvest index (0.647) were found whereas Spike weight (-0.322) showed a significant negative correlation with grain yield. Similarly, Path analysis showed that the Harvest index (0.5511) and No. of spikelets per spike (0.3365) had a high direct effect, whereas Thousand kernel weight, Spike m-2, and Plant height showed a lower positive direct effect on grain yield. Ten spikes weight, spike length, and No. of grains per spike showed low negative direct effects. The conclusions drawn from this analysis can be useful for breeding programs under heat stress by providing information on which characteristics significantly affect the yield. However, multi-locations and multi-year trials need to be done for further verifications on the selection of such traits for improving yield

Herbal antimicrobial gel with leaf extract of Cassia alata L.

Topical application of antimicrobials at the site of infection offer greater advantages as compared to systemic therapy. The present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of an herbal antimicrobial gel containing pure bioactive leaf extract of Cassia alata L. The methanolic leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 9542) and fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 4842) due to the presence of alcohol and ketone containing bioactive moieties. A 1% (w/w) bioactive leaf extract based-hydrogel was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing potential in rat model with surgical site infection in the dorsal area. This herbal gel significantly enhanced the wound healing as assessed by the contraction of wound length and bio burden characteristics compared to the marketed antimicrobial formulations.  The formulated herbal gel could find use as very promising and innovative topical alternative for the treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria as well as fungal strains without hazard to human health based on the fact of its traditional use by the Assamese people with no toxic effects.    Keywords: Cassia alata L.; methanolic leaf extracts; antimicrobial gel; antibacterial; antifungal; wound healin

EFFECT OF RABBIT MANURE AND NPK INTAN SUPER COMPOUND FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRINGBEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

This research was conducted in Experimental Garden of Faculty of Agriculture University of Asahan, Kisaran Timur Sub-district of Asahan Regency, North Sumatera Province with flat tofografi located at an altitude of ± 15 m above sea level. the research time was carried out from June to July 2017. This research was arranged based on Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the provision of rabbit manure (K)with 3 levels ie: K0 = 0 kg / plot, K1 = 1.44 kg / plot, and K2 = 2.88 kg / plot. The second factor is the application of NPK Intan Super Compound fertilizer application, with 4 levels ie N0 = 0 g / plot, N1 = 7.2 g / plot, N3 = 14.4 g / plot and N3 = 21.6 g / plot. The results of rabbit manure showed the best treatment with a dose of 2.88 kg / plot (K2) resulted in plant length 171,98 cm, leaf area 585,04 cm, pod length per plant 13,71 cm and production per plot 594,58 g. Giving of NPK compound fertilizer showed the best treatment that is with dose 21,6 g / plot (N3) yielding plant length 174,88 cm, leaf area 572,39 cm, length of pod 13,33 cm and production per plot 561,111g. The interaction of rabbit manure and NPK compound fertilizer on growth and yield of stringbean showed no significant effect on all parameters observed

Investigation of Epigenetic Regulation of Tumor Suppressor Genes by Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases and Lipid Raft Signaling in Human Cancers

Tumor development and cancer progression are principally guided by predominant role of oncogenes over tumor suppressor genes. Rejuvenation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) could be one of the therapeutic strategies against cancer. This thesis attempts to illuminate the regulatory mechanism behind TSG silencing by targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and lipid raft signaling. In view of dynamic and reversible nature of histone acetylation and overexpression of HDAC enzymes in cancer, HDACs were targeted by inhibitors that owe the ability to restore the expression of TSGs. The present thesis elucidates a novel property of Thymoquinone (TQ), an active principle of Nigella sativa, as an efficient inhibitor against histone deacetylases (HDACs). It reveals the molecular interaction of TQ with HDACs, especially HDAC1 and HDAC2. TQ could efficiently reactivate the expression of p21, maspin, insulin like growth factor binding protein7 (IGFBP7) and microtubule-associated tumor suppressor gene (MTUS1). The epigenetic regulation of IGFBP7 in breast cancer has neither been studied adequately nor has its connection with lipid raft been investigated previously. This study reveals that downregulation of IGFBP7 is mostly due to histone modifications rather than DNA methylation in breast cancer. Perturbation of signaling pathways is one of the quintessential factors responsible for aberrant expression of TSGs in cancer. Therefore, modulation of IGFBP7 by lipid raft signaling is examined in breast cancer. It is apparent that lipid raft/RAS-MAPK signaling is involved in epigenetic regulation of IGFBP7 gene. The role and regulation of MTUS1 in lung cancer is still in its infancy. The study delineates that the regulation of MTUS1 is independent of lipid raft inhibition. However, epigenetic mechanism plays a crucial role in its regulation. Human Males absent on the first (hMOF) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) are frequently over expressed in lung cancer. It is apparent from the results in the thesis that both DNMT1 and hMOF may be correlated with MTUS1 silencing in lung cancer. Further experiments through inhibition of DNMT1 and hMOF demonstrated the expression of MTUS1, which in turn attenuate proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. Taken together this thesis emphasized TQ as an inhibitor of HDACs that helps expression of TSGs, like p21, Maspin and Bax and describes the importance of lipid raft signaling and epigenetic modulation of IGFBP7 and MTUS1

Synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via benzannulated enediynyl alcohols

Under mild conditions, a derivative of 11H-benzo[ b]fluorine 76, was successfully synthesized through tandem cyclization of the corresponding enediynyl propargylic alcohol, 69. Condensation of the substituted indanone 67 with the lithium acetylide 23 furnished benzannulated enediynyl propargylic alcohol 69 in 1:1 diastereomeric ratio. Reduction of propargylic alcohol 69 with triethylsilane in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave benzannulated enediynes 70. Treatment of 70 with potassium tert-butoxide in refluxing toluene furnished alkene 74. Hydroboration of alkene 74 followed by iodination in the presence of base produced alkyl iodide 75. The alkyl iodide 75 with treatment of potassium tert-butoxide in THF underwent intramolecular cyclization, producing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 76 in 18% overall yield from substituted indanone 67