STRATEGI KESANTUNAN TIDAK LANGSUNG PADA KRITIK PENUTUR REMAJA

People use criticism for expressing their contrastive ideas or opinion toward an issue. Criticism is often considered as an unpleasant language use that threatens other’s face. In order to alleviate the threat, a speaker should operate some politeness strategy along with the criticism Brown & Levinson (1987) proposes some classification of politeness strategy and one of them is off record. Therefore, this study aims at finding the types of off record politeness strategies that teenagers use in criticizing a sensitive issue and the function of those strategies. Based on the data analysis, off record politeness strategy in teenagers’ criticism consist of ‘give association clues’ , ‘presuppose’, ‘understate’, ‘overstate’, ’be ironic, ’rhetorical question’, ‘be ambiguous’, ‘be vague’, ‘over-generalize’ and ‘displace h’. The highest occurrence of the strategies in the data are be ironic and understate. Furthermore, the strategies functions as expression of agreement, disagreement, astonishment, and detachment in which a speaker does not clearly express his/her positive or negative response. It shows that teenagers in expressing their criticism tend to use the off record politeness strategy of irony and understatement

STRATEGI KESANTUNAN TIDAK LANGSUNG PADA KRITIK PENUTUR REMAJA

People use criticism for expressing their contrastive ideas or opinion toward an issue. Criticism is often considered as an unpleasant language use that threatens other’s face. In order to alleviate the threat, a speaker should operate some politeness strategy along with the criticism Brown & Levinson (1987) proposes some classification of politeness strategy and one of them is off record. Therefore, this study aims at finding the types of off record politeness strategies that teenagers use in criticizing a sensitive issue and the function of those strategies. Based on the data analysis, off record politeness strategy in teenagers’ criticism consist of ‘give association clues’ , ‘presuppose’, ‘understate’, ‘overstate’, ’be ironic, ’rhetorical question’, ‘be ambiguous’, ‘be vague’, ‘over-generalize’ and ‘displace h’. The highest occurrence of the strategies in the data are be ironic and understate. Furthermore, the strategies functions as expression of agreement, disagreement, astonishment, and detachment in which a speaker does not clearly express his/her positive or negative response. It shows that teenagers in expressing their criticism tend to use the off record politeness strategy of irony and understatement

Trade liberalization and digital divide : an analysis of the Information Technology Agreement of WTO

This article reflects on the effectiveness of trade liberalization, as envisaged in the Information Technology Agreement (ITA) of the WTO, for promoting ICT use and production in developing countries. Based on empirical evidence on global exports of ITA goods, and the performance of different groups of ITA member countries and nonmember countries a case has been made for complementing trade liberalization with capacity building so that ITA becomes more attractive to developing countries as an additional strategy to bridge the digital divide. It has also been argued that substantial capabilities in ICT production and use have been developed over the years by select developing countries, which provide fresh opportunities for new ICT policy for social and economic development. Against this background the article makes the case for an e-South Framework Agreement that facilitates the harnessing of southern capabilities through building new system of ICT innovation, as a complement to ongoing North-South initiatives, inter alia involving trade liberalization along with capacity building to promote ICT use and production in developing countries. Key Words: Trade liberalisation, Digital Divide, Information Technology Agreement, WTO JEL Classification: F 13, L 86, F 5

On the Question of Integrating Spirituality with Counselling in India

This paper explores the therapists’ views and experience on spiritual components in counselling. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis used. The participants were nine mental health professionals from different backgrounds with 15 to 30 years of experience in the field. The four main themes that emerged are faith in God, the power of prayer, forgiveness and wholesome treatment process &nbsp

Effects of wind, waves, and currents on icebergs and surface floats in the Labrador Sea: a modeling study

Icebergs are major indicators of climate change. In Newfoundland, icebergs attract tourists while simultaneously posing a threat to ships and offshore oil platforms. Research is carried out on a model study of the dynamics of icebergs and surface floats in the Labrador Sea. In this study, the iceberg model is forced with data of wind above the ocean surface, surface waves and ocean currents. The wind and surface wave characteristics are acquired from the hourly ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5), while the ocean current, sea-surface height and sea surface temperature data are from MERCATOR Ocean International daily reanalysis for the year 2008. In the Labrador Sea, for smaller icebergs the primary balance is between the air and water drag, while for larger icebergs it is between three forces: the air and water drag and the combined Coriolis and pressure force. Floats are primarily driven by the Ekman component of surface velocity. Storms passing over the Labrador Sea cause significant variability in the movements of icebergs and floats

Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Polygonum Minus And Elucidation Of Its Mechanism Of Action

Present study aims to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect including possible mechanism, antioxidant capacity and toxicities of extract of P. minus leaves. In acute antihyperlipidemic study, the effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of P. minus leaves (1000 mg/kg) were tested on poloxamer-407 induced acute hyperlipidemia in rats. Atorvastatin (60 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. The study showed that both extracts reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL, VLDL, atherogenic index, and increased HDL levels when compared with hyperlipidemic control and the effect was higher in methanol extract when compared to aqueous extract

Eggshell Matrix Protein Mimetics: Elucidation of Molecular Mechanism of Goose Eggshell Calcification using Designed Peptides

Model peptides were designed, synthesized and conducted a detailed structure-property study to unravel the molecular mechanism of goose eggshell calcification. The peptides were designed based on the primary structural features of the eggshell matrix proteins ansocalcin and OC-17. In vitro CaCO₃ crystal growth experiments in presence of these peptides showed calcite crystal aggregation as observed in the case of the parent protein ansocalcin. The structure of these peptides in solution was established using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence studies and quasi-elastic light scattering experiments. The structural features are correlated with observed results of the in vitro crystallization studies.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA