Teacher discrimination in occupational expectations and grading

This paper studies the extent of teacher’s discrimination in occupational expectations and analyses whether discrimination in occupational expectations would further perpetuate discrimination in grading on the basis of student’s caste and socio-economic status. The paper adopts an experimental approach and draws on data generated from 122 teachers from 19 schools in Delhi, India. Student’s caste and socio-economic status were randomly assigned to a set of essays written by students such that the assigned characteristics were not related to essay quality. The results show that teachers’ expect students belonging to low caste and low socio-economic status will be less likely to realize their occupational ambitions relative to students belonging to high caste and high socio-economic status. Consistent with this bias in expectations there is also a bias in grading which shows that low expectations of a teacher perpetuates discrimination in grades awarded. Essays assigned low caste and low socio-economic status characteristics are graded 3.64 points lower relative to essays assigned to high caste and high socio-economic status. Given the ultra-competitive nature of schooling in India and the importance of grades in determining access to higher education in India, a 3.64 point disadvantage is substantial. The estimates also show that there is a trade-off between caste and socio-economic status. Belonging to a high socio-economic status lowers the extent of discrimination faced by low caste students

Measurement of (n,) reaction cross section of W-186-isotope at neutron energy of 20.02±0.58 MeV

The cross-section of 186W(n,)187W reaction has been measured at an average neutron energy of 20.02±0.58 MeV by using activation technique. The 27Al(n,)24Na and 115In(n,n´)115mIn reactions have been used for absolute neutron flux measurement. Theoretically the reaction cross-sections have been calculated by using the TALYS-1.9 code. The results from the present work and the EXFOR based literature data have been compared with the evaluated data and calculated data from TALYS-1.9 code

Measurements of 181Ta(n,2n)180Ta reaction cross-section at the neutron energy of 14.78 MeV

The cross-section of the 181Ta(n,2n)180Ta reaction has been measured with respect to the 197Au(n,2n)196Au monitor reaction at the incident neutron energy of 14.78± 0.20 MeV, using neutron activation analysis and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The present measurement has been done at the energy where discrepant measured results are available in the EXFOR data library. The result has been compared with evaluated data libraries JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.1. The present result has also been supported by theoretical predictions of nuclear model code TALYS1.8 and TALYS-1.9. The uncertainty and the correlations among the measured cross-section has been studied using co-variance analysis

Measurements of 181Ta(n,2n)180Ta reaction cross-section at the neutron energy of 14.78 MeV

The cross-section of the 181Ta(n,2n)180Ta reaction has been measured with respect to the 197Au(n,2n)196Au monitor reaction at the incident neutron energy of 14.78± 0.20 MeV, using neutron activation analysis and off-line -ray spectrometric technique. The present measurement has been done at the energy where discrepant measured results are available in the EXFOR data library. The result has been compared with evaluated data libraries JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VII.1. The present result has also been supported by theoretical predictions of nuclear model code TALYS1.8 and TALYS-1.9. The uncertainty and the correlations among the measured cross-section has been studied using co-variance analysis

Measurement of (n,γ) reaction cross section of 186W-isotope at neutron energy of 20.02±0.58 MeV

392-396The cross-section of 186W(n,γ)187W reaction has been measured at an average neutron energy of 20.02±0.58 MeV by using activation technique. The 27Al(n,α)24Na and 115In(n,n´)115mIn reactions have been used for absolute neutron flux measurement. Theoretically the reaction cross-sections have been calculated by using the TALYS-1.9 code. The results from the present work and the EXFOR based literature data have been compared with the evaluated data and calculated data from TALYS-1.9 code

Measurement of (n,γ) reaction cross section of 186W-isotope at neutron energy of 20.02±0.58 MeV

The cross-section of 186W(n,γ)187W reaction has been measured at an average neutron energy of 20.02±0.58 MeV by using activation technique. The 27Al(n,α)24Na and 115In(n,n´)115mIn reactions have been used for absolute neutron flux measurement. Theoretically the reaction cross-sections have been calculated by using the TALYS-1.9 code. The results from the present work and the EXFOR based literature data have been compared with the evaluated data and calculated data from TALYS-1.9 code

MRI in congenital duplication of urethra

Congenital urethral duplication is a rare anomaly, with less than 200 cases described in the literature. The investigations that are usually performed are micturating cystourethrography (MCU) and retrograde urethrography (RGU), which can diagnose the presence of duplication but cannot diagnose the precise relationship of the duplicated urethra with other pelvic structures. MRI, because of the excellent tissue contrast that it provides and its multiplanar ability, can demonstrate with precision, the size, shape and position of the two urethras. We describe below a case where MRI was able to show this exquisitely

Highly enantioselective organocatalytic syn- and anti-aldol reactions in aqueous medium

We have synthesized chiral diamines that efficiently catalyze the syn- and anti-aldol reactions in aqueous medium with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The product, thus obtained, was further reduced selectively to give syn-configured 1,2,3-triol, an important subunit present in various monosaccharides and natural products such as (+)-boronolide

Measurement of the

The 58Ni(n, p) and 58Ni(n, 2n) reaction cross-sections were measured from threshold to 18MeV neutron energies using the activation and off-line $\gamma$-ray spectroscopic technique. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam was generated using the 7Li(p, n) reaction. The results from the present work were compared with those of the literature and with the evaluated data from different libraries, like ENDF-B/VII.1, JENDL-4.0, CENDL-3.1, and JEFF-3.3. Nuclear model codes, like TALYS-1.9 and EMPIRE-3.2.3-Malta, were also used for a better description of the present work and literature data. The uncertainties in the measured cross-section were evaluated using the covariance analysis. The present experimental results were found to be in good agreement with those of the literature and with the evaluated data. The nuclear model code TALYS-1.9 was found successful in reproducing the experimental data for both reactions. However, the EMPIRE-3.2.3-Malta model code was found to be able to reproduce only the trend of the 58Ni(n, p) reaction excitation function. The present work provides a better insight on the comparison of both nuclear model codes. The present work is also essential for the production cross-section and the dose rate estimation of the medical isotope 58Co

Role of alpha cluster over non alpha cluster projectile in low energy incomplete fusion reaction dynamics

544-547Continuous efforts are being made to comprehend the process of low energy incomplete fusion (ICF) reaction dynamics. The lack of proper theoretical model below 8 MeV/nucleon, which could reproduce the experimentally measured ICF data satisfactorily, makes it the topic of great interest. Another important motivation is to look for some systematic dependence of ICF on various entrance channel parameters. Keeping the aforementioned aspects into consideration, the experiment has been performed using 12C ion beam on 165Ho target by employing the stacked foil activation technique. The experimentally measured cross sections of the populated evaporation residues have been measured and compared with the complete fusion code PACE4. It has been observed that the measured cross sections for evaporation residues populated via xn and pxn emission channels are well reproduced by PACE4 code. However, in the α-emission channels (observed in the projectile break-up), the significant enhancement in the measured cross sections over PACE4 predictions is observed which is accredited to ICF process. In the present work, ICF dependence on the target deformation and the combined parameter µ * ZPZT * (1-β2) has been studied. The ICF fraction has also been found sensitive to projectile Qα- value