Exogenous Growth Regulators and Water Stress Enhance Long-Term Storage Quality Characteristics of Onion

Exogenous growth regulators (GRs) play a crucial role in alleviating water stress and sustaining crop yields in water-stressed areas. However, their effects on onions post-harvest quality, particularly post-monsoon onion—often preferred for long-term storage—were never studied. Therefore, this led us to investigate the interaction between water stress and GRs on the physiochemical and functional quality attributes of onions during long-term storage (9 months, at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). Onion crop was raised under four water stress levels i.e., 1.00–0.85, 0.84–0.70, 0.69–0.40, and 0.39–0.10 IW: CPE, designated as no, low, medium, and severe water stress, respectively, using a line source sprinkler system (LSS). GR treatments include potassium nitrate (PN, 15 g L−1), sodium benzoate (SB, 100 mg L−1), thio-urea (TU, 450 ppm), and gibberellic acid (GA, 25 ppm). Results reveal that the significant temporal changes in the dry matter, rehydration ratio, total soluble sugar (TSS), protein, and total phenolics content (TP) of the onion bulbs during storage, indicate the cumulative impact of the treatments on overall physicochemical status. Water stress increased onion biochemical attributes, especially pyruvic acid content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Storage quality of onions progressively decreased with the increase in storage period. Stressed onions, especially those produced under severe water stress condition, showed high weight losses, presenting poor keeping quality. However, application of GRs, especially SB, TU, and PN, reduced bulb weight losses together with maintaining slightly better bulb physicochemical properties, thereby improving the overall storage quality, particularly with a moderate level of water stress (0.69–0.40 IW:CPE). The exogenous application of GRs with moderate water stress is suggested as a key strategy in improving the keeping quality of onion bulbs and ensuring its availability during the lean season

Exogenous Growth Regulators and Water Stress Enhance Long-Term Storage Quality Characteristics of Onion

Exogenous growth regulators (GRs) play a crucial role in alleviating water stress and sustaining crop yields in water-stressed areas. However, their effects on onions post-harvest quality, particularly post-monsoon onion—often preferred for long-term storage—were never studied. Therefore, this led us to investigate the interaction between water stress and GRs on the physiochemical and functional quality attributes of onions during long-term storage (9 months, at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). Onion crop was raised under four water stress levels i.e., 1.00–0.85, 0.84–0.70, 0.69–0.40, and 0.39–0.10 IW: CPE, designated as no, low, medium, and severe water stress, respectively, using a line source sprinkler system (LSS). GR treatments include potassium nitrate (PN, 15 g L−1), sodium benzoate (SB, 100 mg L−1), thio-urea (TU, 450 ppm), and gibberellic acid (GA, 25 ppm). Results reveal that the significant temporal changes in the dry matter, rehydration ratio, total soluble sugar (TSS), protein, and total phenolics content (TP) of the onion bulbs during storage, indicate the cumulative impact of the treatments on overall physicochemical status. Water stress increased onion biochemical attributes, especially pyruvic acid content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Storage quality of onions progressively decreased with the increase in storage period. Stressed onions, especially those produced under severe water stress condition, showed high weight losses, presenting poor keeping quality. However, application of GRs, especially SB, TU, and PN, reduced bulb weight losses together with maintaining slightly better bulb physicochemical properties, thereby improving the overall storage quality, particularly with a moderate level of water stress (0.69–0.40 IW:CPE). The exogenous application of GRs with moderate water stress is suggested as a key strategy in improving the keeping quality of onion bulbs and ensuring its availability during the lean season

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Not AvailableIndia’s horticulture sector is growing and playing a vital role in the continent’s agricultural economy. India is the second largest producer of fruit and vegetables globally, but horticultural development is currently constrained by poor marketing. The gap between prices received by farmers and those paid by consumers is large, reflecting inefficient marketing arrangements. This study estimates the market costs, market margins, price spread, the producer’s share of the consumer’s rupee and the market efficiency of horticultural commodities under different supply chains, and suggests measures to improve marketing efficiency. The study was conducted in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Manipur and Mizoram, covering 29 crop types. The results show that, in the case of most commodities, marketing costs, marketing margins, transport costs and labour charges adversely affect marketing efficiency, and open market price, volume of produce handled and net price received increase market efficiency or have a positive effect. The highest marketing efficiency was found in the producer-to-consumer channel. Government policies should promote direct marketing models for more efficient horticultural marketing.Not Availabl

Recruit, train and evaluate human capital : A case study in Google

The unpredictable developments in the environment raised the company's awareness of require human resource managers to create and execute a strategic such as human resource management strategy and practises, business strategies, and the development of a mission and vision for human resource management. In this conceptual study, will evaluate integration of human resource functions with business strategy. A good recruiting strategy is critical for an organization's human capital competitiveness. Furthermore, the training system must be comprehensive, with the goal of assisting the business in achieving even more. In addition, a well-integrated performance management system will contribute to the development of a pleasant employee-employee relationship. Finally, balancing work and life has become critical to an organization's success. Appropriate alignment of human resource management techniques with business strategy allows organisations to fulfil their purpose and vision in the long term, resulting in a competitive edge in markets and the attainment of business objective

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Not AvailableIndia's horticulture sector is growing and playing a vital role in the continent's agricultural economy. India is the second largest producer of fruit and vegetables globally, but horticultural development is currently constrained by poor marketing. The gap between prices received by farmers and those paid by consumers is large, reflecting inefficient marketing arrangements. This study estimates the market costs, market margins, price spread, the producer's share of the consumer's rupee and the market efficiency of horticultural commodities under different supply chains, and suggests measures to improve marketing efficiency. The study was conducted in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Manipur and Mizoram, covering 29 crop types. The results show that, in the case of most commodities, marketing costs, marketing margins, transport costs and labour charges adversely affect marketing efficiency, and open market price, volume of produce handled and net price received increase market efficiency or have a positive effect. The highest marketing efficiency was found in the producer-to-consumer channel. Government policies should promote direct marketing models for more efficient horticultural marketing.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndia is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world next only to China. Horticulture development is currently constrained by poor marketing arrangements. The gap between prices received by the farmers and those paid by urban consumers is large, reflecting inefficient marketing arrangements. The huge production base offers India immense opportunities for export.This study estimates production trends, market efficiency and export competitiveness of vegetables in India and suggest measures to improve production, marketing and exports of Indian vegetables. The study was conducted India as whole for production and export competitiveness and for marketing efficiency in the 8 states of Indiacovering 20 crops. The study found that area under total vegetables cultivation is grown at the rate of 4.12% and production growth rates was 6.48%. Indian vegetables production depicted glorious past and expected promising future. The most common marketing channel for majority of the crops is that Producer-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer. The resultsfurther showed that the producer share in consumer rupee was highest in Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Manipur compared to Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Rajasthan. It varies from 46% to 74% in Andhra Pradesh, 26% to 60% in West Bengal, 33% to 60% in Rajasthan, 85% to 88% in Manipur 91% to 95% in Tamil Nadu and 100% in Punjab. The study clearly shows that majority of the horticultural commodity markets are operating efficiently. The highest marketing efficiency found to be producer to consumer channel. Hence, government policies should promote direct marketing models for efficient horticultural marketing. The results showed that in most of the commodity cases marketing cost, marketing margin, transport cost, labour charges are adversely affecting marketing efficiency and open market price, volume of the produce handled and net price received are increasing marketing efficiency.The trends of fresh vegetables show that its export quantity increased 18.3% and 22.2% during two periods respectively. The results show that Indian vegetables are huge potential for exports.The results show that for all vegetables the Nominal Protection Coefficient is lessthan 1 indicating they are competitive in the international markets. The study suggests that Indian government should give priority to vegetable production, processing and exports.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndia is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world next only to China. Horticulture development is currently constrained by poor marketing arrangements. The gap between prices received by the farmers and those paid by urban consumers is large, reflecting inefficient marketing arrangements. The huge production base offers India immense opportunities for export.This study estimates production trends, market efficiency and export competitiveness of vegetables in India and suggest measures to improve production, marketing and exports of Indian vegetables. The study was conducted India as whole for production and export competitiveness and for marketing efficiency in the 8 states of Indiacovering 20 crops. The study found that area under total vegetables cultivation is grown at the rate of 4.12% and production growth rates was 6.48%. Indian vegetables production depicted glorious past and expected promising future. The most common marketing channel for majority of the crops is that Producer-Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer. The resultsfurther showed that the producer share in consumer rupee was highest in Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Manipur compared to Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Rajasthan. It varies from 46% to 74% in Andhra Pradesh, 26% to 60% in West Bengal, 33% to 60% in Rajasthan, 85% to 88% in Manipur 91% to 95% in Tamil Nadu and 100% in Punjab. The study clearly shows that majority of the horticultural commodity markets are operating efficiently. The highest marketing efficiency found to be producer to consumer channel. Hence, government policies should promote direct marketing models for efficient horticultural marketing. The results showed that in most of the commodity cases marketing cost, marketing margin, transport cost, labour charges are adversely affecting marketing efficiency and open market price, volume of the produce handled and net price received are increasing marketing efficiency.The trends of fresh vegetables show that its export quantity increased 18.3% and 22.2% during two periods respectively. The results show that Indian vegetables are huge potential for exports.The results show that for all vegetables the Nominal Protection Coefficient is lessthan 1 indicating they are competitive in the international markets. The study suggests that Indian government should give priority to vegetable production, processing and exports.Not Availabl