Smooth and Strong PCPs

Probabilistically checkable proofs (PCPs) can be verified based only on a constant amount of random queries, such that any correct claim has a proof that is always accepted, and incorrect claims are rejected with high probability (regardless of the given alleged proof). We consider two possible features of PCPs: - A PCP is strong if it rejects an alleged proof of a correct claim with probability proportional to its distance from some correct proof of that claim. - A PCP is smooth if each location in a proof is queried with equal probability. We prove that all sets in NP have PCPs that are both smooth and strong, are of polynomial length, and can be verified based on a constant number of queries. This is achieved by following the proof of the PCP theorem of Arora, Lund, Motwani, Sudan and Szegedy (JACM, 1998), providing a stronger analysis of the Hadamard and Reed - Muller based PCPs and a refined PCP composition theorem. In fact, we show that any set in NP has a smooth strong canonical PCP of Proximity (PCPP), meaning that there is an efficiently computable bijection of NP witnesses to correct proofs. This improves on the recent construction of Dinur, Gur and Goldreich (ITCS, 2019) of PCPPs that are strong canonical but inherently non-smooth. Our result implies the hardness of approximating the satisfiability of "stable" 3CNF formulae with bounded variable occurrence, where stable means that the number of clauses violated by an assignment is proportional to its distance from a satisfying assignment (in the relative Hamming metric). This proves a hypothesis used in the work of Friggstad, Khodamoradi and Salavatipour (SODA, 2019), suggesting a connection between the hardness of these instances and other stable optimization problems

High-reliability release mechanism

Release mechanism employing simple clevis fitting in combination with two pin-pullers achieves high reliability degree through active mechanical redundancy. Mechanism releases solar arrays. It is simple and inexpensive and performs effectively. It adapts to other release-system applications with variety of pin-puller devices

CLASSIFICATION OF BATIK MOTIF USING TRANSFER LEARNING ON CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN)

The number of batik motifs in Indonesia is not comparable to the knowledge possessed by the Indonesian people about batik motifs. The diversity of batik motifs can be a problem because classifying them can only be done by those who are familiar with batik in depth, both the pattern and the philosophy behind the motif, most of which are elderly people. To classify batik accurately and quickly is to use image classification technology. In this study, data were obtained from the previous researchers' GitHub repository, google images, and camera shots with a total dataset of 3,534 images. The data only focused on five batik motifs, namely Ceplok, Kawung, Parang, Megamendung, and Sidomukti. Before the batik motif is processed, preprocessing is carried out to obtain various quality data. Then the dataset was trained using the CNN model then the results were retrained using the VGG-16 and Xception Transfer Learning models. The researcher made several model scenarios, namely the CNN model without Transfer Learning and the model with Transfer Learning which took into account the effect of the learning rate values ​​of 0.0004 and 0.0001. Therefore, the results of the CNN model without Transfer Learning (M0) obtained training accuracy results of 89.64%. While the results of the model with the best Transfer Learning is the M2 model (CNN + VGG-16, learning rate = 0.0001) with an accuracy of 91.23%, a loss of 24.48%, and the test results obtained an accuracy of 89%. Based on the results of the classification method, it can be concluded that the CNN model with Transfer Learning performs classification better in terms of accuracy and computation time than the CNN model

A League of Their Own: A Feminist Interpretation of Women’s Sport in the U.S.

The goal of this essay is to examine American sports through the lens of feminist philosophy. I am particularly interested in the questions of what the American attitude is toward women’s sports and the involvement of women in men’s sports, does that attitude reflect a cultural limit that Americans have reached regarding women’s sports (I intend to argue that it does), and does that limit reveal essentializing notions about sex which still haunt American society. In answering these questions, I will be using Wendy Williams’ article, “The Equality Crisis,” specifically her sections on the culture of men and women as aggressors and nurturers respectively, for her definition and recognition of the concept of the cultural limit, and the Joan W. Scott piece, “Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference” in conducting a post-structuralist examination of women’s sports in the U.S. as well as the work of various scientists and philosophers in examining the genealogy of women in sports. My primary focus will be the sports of basketball, baseball, and American football, along with what appears to be its female equivalent in cheerleading. Each of these sports, perhaps, apart from basketball, are traditionally associated with essential masculinity and each have a female equivalent, which seems to be less popular in mainstream entertainment

Students\u27 Perceptions Of Learning Through Multiple Intelligences

The theory of multiple intelligences -- that individuals are smart in multiple ways -- is slowly being infused into the educational realm. A review of current literature indicates that the multiple intelligence theory is being incorporated into some schools. However, there is very little research at this time which identifies the results of incorporating multiple intelligences within education. The purpose of this research was to identify any change in students\u27 perceptions of their intelligence strengths by teaching with the multiple intelligences in a thematic science and language arts unit. Three sixth grade students were chosen as case studies for the research. Data included field observation notes, interviews, journals, and student projects. The findings were mixed with two of the case studies showing increase in their perceptions of their intelligence strengths. The results from the third case student were inconclusive with no identifiable patterns discernable from the data. The findings suggest that incorporating multiple intelligence theory in education has possible positive implications and that further research needs to be done