Dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi on control of the pest Lobesia botrana and the pathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca on grapevine

Background: Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the natural enemies of insect pests. Nevertheless, research on the use of EPF for simultaneous prevention of pest and disease agents on the same crop is limited. In this study, we explored the potential dual effects of three strains of the EPF Metarhizium anisopliae on the control of detrimental agents of Vitis vinifera L., including different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adult) of the insect pest Lobesia botrana and the phytopathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca. Methods: Laboratory pathogenicity trials were performed to examine the effects of the three M. anisopliae strains on the mortality rate of L. botrana. In addition, field trials were conducted to assess the biocontrol potential of one selected M. anisopliae strain on the larval stage of L. botrana. Moreover, inhibitory effects of the three EPF strains on E. microtheca growth were examined in vitro. Results: All the M. anisopliae strains were highly effective, killing all stages of L. botrana as well as inhibiting the growth of E. microtheca. The in vitro mortality of larvae treated with the strains was over 75%, whereas that of treated pupae and adults was over 85%. The three EPF strains showed similar efficacy against larvae and adult stages; nevertheless, pupal mortality was observed to be strain dependent. Mortality of L. botrana larvae ranged from 64 to 91% at field conditions. Inhibition of E. microtheca growth reached 50% in comparison to the control. Conclusions: Our study showed that M. anisopliae strains were highly effective in ensuring control of two different detrimental agents of V. vinifera L., providing new evidence to support the dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi.Fil: Aguilera Sammaritano, Juan Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; ChileFil: Caballero, Juan Jose. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Deymié Terzi, María Celina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Melisa. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Vazquez, Fabio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Pappano, Delia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Lechner, Bernardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Micología y Botánica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Micología y Botánica; ArgentinaFil: González Teuber, Marcia. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Chil

Arambarria the pathogen involved in canker rot of Eucalyptus , native trees wood rots and grapevine diseases in the Southern Hemisphere

Arambarria (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is a monotypic genus recently described to accommodatespecimens from the Patagonian forests of Argentina wrongly assigned in the past to Inocutis jamaicensis. Onthe basis of a wide sampling of strains and phylogenetic analysis inferred from combined sequences includingthe nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8-ITS2 region, 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains and partial sequences of translation elongationfactor 1-a (tef1-α) we demonstrate that this genus is associated to an important canker-rot of eucalyptplantations in Uruguay, to wood-rots of many native and exotic hosts, and to ?hoja de malvón? and chloroticleafroll of grapevines diseases in Central Chile, Central Argentina and Uruguay, formerly assigned to I.jamaicensis and/or Fomitiporella sp. The combined phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of three,closely related clades that corresponded to (1) the Pampas of Uruguay and Argentina (?uruguay? clade), (2) theMonte, Chaco Serrano and Yungas forests of Argentina (?cognata? clade), and (3) the Patagonian Andes forestsand Chilean Province (?destruens? clade). Lack of morphological differences between taxa from the threeclades, their occurrence in both native and exotic hosts, previous results showing interfertility between isolatesfrom Uruguay and Argentina, and the lack of full support in the concatenated ITS + 28S + tef1-α analysis,prevents us to distinguish and describe three different taxa; the proper name of the taxon being Arambarria cognata comb. nov. A fourth, distinctly separated clade corresponded to South African strains isolated fromvineyards representing an undescribed taxon associated to Esca grapevine disease in that country. Arambarriais shown to be unrelated to Inocutis, with which it was confused in the past and, so far, remains restricted tothe Northern Hemisphere in America (Mexico, Jamaica and the USA).Fil: Pildain, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, G. A.. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Pappano, Delia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes; ArgentinaFil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Azorellane diterpenes from Azorella cryptantha

Azorella cryptantha yielded the diterpenes, azorellolide and the dihydroderivative, dihydroazorellolide, together with the known yaretol and 1α,10β,4β,5α-diepoxy-7α-germacran-6β-ol. Both possess a carbon skeleton type that may originate from rearrangement of the mulinane skeleton. Two azorellane-type diterpenes were isolated from Azorella cryptantha and their structures determined.Fil: Colloca, Cristina Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes; ArgentinaFil: Pappano, Delia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes; ArgentinaFil: Bustos, Daniel Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Virginia Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Baggio, Ricardo Fortunato. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; ArgentinaFil: Garland, Maria T.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Gil, Roberto Ricardo. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados Unido