The model calculations of the electric motor of toyota prius 2nd generation

The paper presents the results of FEM calculations of the electric motor of Toyota Prius 2nd generation. The study was conducted to establish, to what extent this motor differs from the model of a synchronous machine with internal permanent magnets, ie. the machine describable by mono-harmonic, linear model in Park coordinates (0dq). Suspicion, that the test motor is not a typical IPMSM motor is based on both the original form of magnetic excitation poles (on the rotor) and with almost completely open slots of the armature (on the stator) and the stator yoke relatively thin. Significant in this respect was to analyze the influence of local saturations of the magnetic circuit on the operation of the machine and the possibility of its modeling in coordinates 0dq. The results are important for the synthesis of controlling IPMSM motors. The test machine, despite the fact that formally it is synchronous machine with internal magnets (due to the overall construction and method of supply), do not satisfy the requirements of model 0dq and breaks the canon of the design of IPMSM machinesW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań obliczeniowych MES silnika elektrycznego Toyoty Prius II generacji. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w celu ustalenia, w jakim stopniu silnik ten różni się od modelowej maszyny synchronicznej z magnesami trwałymi zagłębionymi, tj. maszyny opisywalnej monoharmonicznym, beznasyceniowym modelem we współrzędnych Parka (0dq). Podejrzenie, że badany silnik nie jest typowym silnikiem IPMSM wynikło zarówno z oryginalnego uformowania magnesowych biegunów wzbudzenia (wirnika), jak i z użycia w konstrukcji praktycznie całkowicie otwartych żłobków twornika (stojana), a także relatywnie cienkiego jarzma stojana. Istotne w tym aspekcie było przeanalizowanie wpływu lokalnych nasyceń obwodu magnetycznego maszyny na jej pracę i możliwość modelowania we współrzędnych 0dq. Uzyskane wyniki mają istotne znaczenie dla syntezy sterowania silników IPMSM. Badana maszyna pomimo tego, że jest formalnie maszyną synchroniczną IPMSM (z uwagi na ogólną budowę i sposób zasilania) wyłamuje się z modelu 0dq i kanonu konstrukcyjnego takich maszyn

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes black coatings from roll-to- roll deposition process

International audienceVertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have recently attracted growing interest as a very efficient light absorbing material over a broad spectral range making them a superior coating in space optics applications such as radiometry, optical calibration, and stray light elimination. However, VACNT coatings available to-date most often result from batch-to-batch deposition processes thus potentially limiting the manufacturing repeatability, substrate size and cost efficiency of this material

Trait Pessimism Predicts Vulnerability to Stress-Induced Anhedonia in Rats

Depressive disorder is often associated with cognitive biases. In this study, we took a unique opportunity to investigate whether trait pessimism could predict vulnerability to stress-induced anhedonia in an animal model of depression. In a series of ambiguous-cue interpretation (ACI) tests, we identified animals displaying ‘pessimistic' and ‘optimistic' traits. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to chronic restraint, and the trait differences in response to stress were investigated using sucrose preference and ACI tests before, during and after the stress regime. Although stress resulted in anhedonia in both subgroups, it occurred faster and lasted longer in the ‘pessimistic' compared with the ‘optimistic' animals. Chronic stress exposure also increased the negative judgment bias in rats, although this effect was not dependent on the ‘pessimistic' trait. For the first time, we demonstrated a link between cognitive judgment bias and vulnerability to stress-induced anhedonia in an animal model. We also introduced a cognitive biomarker, which may be of value for etiological depression studies