Encefalitis chagásica pseudotumoral en pacientes con SIDA: presentación atípica en uno de ellos e historia de la enfermedad en una pequeña serie de casos

Chagas' disease is an intracellular parasitic infection owed to a protozoarium, the Trypanosoma cruzi1, affecting a large population in Latinamerica. Within the region 15 to 16 million people are infected2. The worldwide pandemia, due to the infection of the HIV 1 virus, also affects Latinamerican countries. The number of patients with this condition in Central and South Americas amounts to 1.6 million persons3,4. Therefore, both illnesses overlap in a broad geographical area and may coincide in the same patient. The HIV infection, which causes the AIDS syndrome, impairs the immunological system and predisposes to the appearance of opportunistic infections, which may have been hosted unnoticed by the patient until then. Therefore, Chagas' disease, which is a dormant infection in most patients5, may reactivate if the immunological surveillance wanes off as the consequence of the viral insult. Along the last years we6,7 and others8-10 found patients afflicted by AIDS, who developed brain lesions yielded by the Trypanosoma cruzi. The present communication describes three further patients with this condition; one of them is unique because his clinical, radiological and immunological findings differ from those previously reported in the literature.Fil: Sica, Roberto E. P.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Gargiulo Monachelli, Gisella Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; ArgentinaFil: Papayanis, Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos "Ramos Mejía"; Argentin

Economies of (Alleged) Deviance: Sex Work and the Sport Mega Event

Based on ethnographic data collected during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, thisarticle is interested to examine urban processes which reinvent the changing (sexual) landscape. Focusing on the way (host) citiesshape sex work both imaginatively and physically, we explore the (lived) realities of neoliberal imaginaries that shape urbanspace. Often thought to exist in the urban shadow as an absent-presence in cosmopolitan processes, we demonstrate the manner inwhich sexualized and racialized women creatively resist the political and economic trajectories of neoliberal urbanism that seek toexpropriate land and dispossess certain bodies. In the context of Rio de Janeiro—as in other host cities—this is particularlyevident in the routine encounter between sexual minorities and local law enforcement. Mindful of the literature on state incursioninto social-sexual life, we remain attentive to the everyday strategies through which those deemed sexually deviant and/or victimnavigate local authorities in search of new opportunities for economic salvation in the midst of the sport mega-event

Un secteur des transports parisiens : le fiacre, de la libre entreprise au monopole (1790-1855)

[eng] Abstract The Parisian cab trade in the first half to the nineteenth century was characterized by the high degree of free competition among the many small to medium- sized firms that dominated the trade, the strict and severe regulation and control the police and the government exercised over this trade, and a labor force that was especially difficult to discipline. In 1855, Napoleon III created a virtual monopoly of ordinary cab service in Paris, a monopoly he supressed in 1866. The result was the permanent transformation of the cab trade : the large, capitalist enterprise became a central fixture in this trade. This development divided the « corporation of Parisian coachmen » into a group that remained faithful to corporatist values and another faction which developed a proletarian consciousness and trade unions. [fre] Résumé L'industrie parisienne du fiacre dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle était caractérisée par une libre et âpre concurrence entre les petites et moyennes entreprises qui dominaient alors l'industrie, par un strict et sévère contrôle de la police et de l'État sur la marche de l'industrie, et enfin par une main-d'œuvre très difficile à contrôler et discipliner. En 1855, Napoléon III créa un monopole du service des fiacres ordinaires à Paris au profit de la Compagnie impériale des Voitures, monopole qui fut supprimé en 1866. La conséquence fut le bouleversement de l'industrie du fiacre : la grande entreprise capitaliste du fiacre devint un trait permanent de cette industrie. Ce phénomène divisa la « corporation parisienne des cochers de fiacre » entre un groupe qui resta fidèle à ses valeurs corporatives et un autre chez qui apparurent au contraire une conscience et des organisations de classe.

Urbanisme du Paris souterrain : premiers projets de chemin de fer urbain et naissance de l'urbanisme des cités modernes

[eng] Abstract This is a study of pioneering plans for the creation of an underground rail system for Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century and their link to both a new, organic conception of the city and the birth of modern urban planning. Part of a larger debate in the 1840s on the shape of Paris, the projects discussed here formed part of a discourse that envisaged the modern city as a dynamic field of continuous movement and space-time compression as the key to its efficient functioning. Focusing on the underground plans of Hector Horeau, FI. de Kérizouet, Edouard Brame and Eugène Flachat, and Louis Le Hir, this analysis not only demonstrates the connection between these early projects and a vision of Paris as a circulatory system for the efficient circulation of commerce and pedestrian flow. It also explores the belief of city planners that mass urban transport could alleviate social tensions caused by overcrowding in the city center by affording workers relatively cheap and efficient mobility in and out of the city. Reflected within these projects were also the interests and concerns of a dynamic and growing capitalist economy. Following Henri Lefebvre's insight that space in a capitalist society is not neutral but reflects the requirements of capitalism, this study examines the interest taken by capitalist entrepreneurs in the planning of Parisian urban transit. Equally significant, these projects, by starting to consider the city globally with respect to circulation and by plotting straight lines above and below ground in the mapping of an ideal urban railway system, constitute important intellectual underpinnings for the creative destruction and rebuilding of Paris by Georges Haussmann and Napoleon III. Growing out of the eighteenth-century tradition which had already begun to see Paris as a space that could be shaped and transformed according to rational plans and visions, the mid-nineteenth-century speculations on the underground are among the forerunners of modern urban planning concepts and texts. [fre] Résumé Cette étude présente les premiers projets de création d'un système ferroviaire souterrain pour Paris dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, ainsi que leurs liens avec une conception nouvelle et organique de la ville, et avec la naissance de l'urbanisme moderne. S'inscrivant dans un débat plus vaste sur la configuration de Paris, dans les années 1840, les projets discutés ici appartenaient à un discours qui envisageait la ville moderne comme un champ dynamique de mouvement continu et de compression espace-temps, permettant son fonctionnement efficace. Centrée sur les projets souterrains d'Hector Horeau, de FI. de Kérizouet, d'Edouard Brame et d'Eugène Flachat, ainsi que de Louis Le Hir, cette analyse démontre la relation entre ces premiers projets et une vision de Paris comme système de circulation permettant le mouvement fluide du commerce et des piétons. Elle explore aussi la croyance des urbanistes selon laquelle le transport public urbain allégerait les tensions sociales provoquées par la surpopulation dans le centre ville, en donnant aux ouvriers le moyen de se déplacer dans et hors de la ville à un prix relativement bon marché. Dans ces projets, se reflétaient également les intérêts et les préoccupations d'une économie capitaliste dynamique, en forte croissance. Suivant la démarche d'Henri Lefebvre selon laquelle l'espace n'est pas neutre dans une société capitaliste, et reflète les exigences du capitalisme, cette étude examine l'intérêt des entrepreneurs capitalistes dans la planification du transit urbain de Paris. De façon tout aussi importante, ces projets, qui pour la première fois considéraient la ville dans sa globalité pour ce qui est de la circulation et traçaient des lignes droites au-dessus et au-dessous du sol pour dessiner un réseau idéal de chemin de fer urbain, sont autant de soutiens intellectuels à la destruction créative et à la reconstruction de Paris par Georges Haussmann et Napoléon III. Issus de la tradition du XVIIIe siècle, qui commençait à concevoir Paris comme un espace façonnable et transformable selon des visions et des plans rationnels, les projets du milieu du XIXe siècle sur l'aménagement de l'espace souterrain anticipent les concepts et les textes de l'urbanisme moderne.

A Case Report on Hepatic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis as the Manifestation of Progression to Secondary Myelofibrosis in a Patient with Essential Thrombocytopenia

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which include primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocytopenia (ET), are characterized by the clonal proliferation of mature blood cells as a result of the overactivation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), a common complication of PMF, occurs due to the dysregulation of the bone marrow microenvironment. We report an interesting case of a 73-year-old female with a working diagnosis of ET who was found to have EMH in the liver on biopsy after she had newly onset elevated liver enzymes and her ET had progressed to secondary myelofibrosis. We conclude that in patients with MPN who have rising liver enzymes, EMH in the liver should be part of the differential diagnosis. In addition, we believe that EMH is a sign of progression from MPN to secondary myelofibrosis and that it is imperative for performing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in order to reassess hematopoiesis and to look for bone marrow fibrosis as well as evidence of progression