A simple separation of neutral lipid classes with two dimensional thin-layer chromatography

A two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic system for the separation of classes of neutral lipids is described. Silica Gel G precoats (with binder) are used as the adsorbent with development in lined, initially dry, chambers with no prior equilibration of the system. The main lipid classes separated are: Cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acids, 1, 3-diglycerides, 1, 2-diglycerides, cholesterol, and monoglycerides. Limited separation of unsaturated triglycerides is also demonstrated. © 1972 by Preston Technical Abstracts Company

3D-surface reconstruction for partially submerged marine structures using an autonomous surface vehicle

10.1109/IROS.2011.6048609IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems3551-355785RB

Location of Pierson syndrome mutations.

<p>Shown is a cartoon drawing of the first two domains of the laminin β1 LN-LEa1-4 structure (LN, blue; LEa1, green; disulphide bridges, yellow; <i>N</i>-linked glycan; dark pink), in which residues corresponding to those mutated in the laminin β2 chain of Pierson syndrome patients <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0042473#pone.0042473-Matejas1" target="_blank">[15]</a> are shown in red. Only homozygous missense mutations are shown. The view direction is similar to the right panel of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0042473#pone-0042473-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2A</a>.</p

Effect of simulated gastro-duodenal digestion on the allergenic reactivity of beta-lactoglobulin

Background: Cow&apos;s milk (CM) allergy affects about 2% of infants. The allergenicity of dietary proteins, including those from CM, has been related to their digestibility although the generality of the link and its causality remains to be demonstrated. In this study we use an in vitro digestion system, to investigate the digestibility of β-lactoglobulin (blg) during gastrointestinal transit and to assess the impact of this process on blg allergenic reactivity in CM allergic children. Methods: Blg digesta were prepared using an in vitro digestion protocol simulating either gastric digestion alone or followed by duodenal digestion with or without phosphatidylcholine (PC). Biochemical analysis of blg digesta was performed by SDS-PAGE and their concentration was measured by a sandwich ELISA. Assessment of their allergenic reactivity was done in vitro by EAST inhibition, specific basophil activation (basotest) and lymphocyte proliferation (PCNA-flow cytometry) assays using sera and cells from patients allergic to blg and in vivo by skin prick testing (SPT) of these patients. Results: Blg was only broken down to smaller peptides after gastro-duodenal digestion although a sizeable amount of intact protein still remained. Digestion did not modify the IgE binding capacity of blg except for gastro-duodenal digestion performed in the absence of PC. These results are consistent with the quantity of intact blg remaining in the digesta. Overall both gastric and gastroduodenal digestion enhanced activation of sensitized basophils and proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes by blg. However, there was a tendency towards reduction in mean diameter of SPT following digestion, the PC alone during phase 1 digestion causing a significant increase in mean diameter. Conclusions: Digestion did not reduce the allergenic reactivity of blg to a clinically insignificant extent, PC inhibiting digestion and thereby protecting blg allergenic reactivity. SPT reactivity was reduced compared to blg immunoreactivity in in vitro tests. © 2011 Bossios et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

The buffer allocation problem in production lines: Formulations, solution methods, and instances

Flow production lines with finite buffer capacities are used in practice for mass production, e.g., in the automotive and food industries. The decision regarding the allocation of buffer capacities to mitigate throughput losses from stochastic processing times and unreliable stations is known as the Buffer Allocation Problem (BAP).  This article classifies and reviews the literature on the BAP with respect to different versions of the optimization problem. It considers the detailed characteristics of the flow lines, the objective function, and the constraints. Moreover, a new classification scheme for solution methods is presented that differentiates between explicit solutions, integrated optimization methods, and iterative optimization methods. The characteristics of test instances derived from realistic cases and test instances used in multiple references are discussed.  The review reveals gaps in the literature regarding the considered optimization problems and solution methods, especially with a view on realistic lines. In addition, a library, FlowLineLib, of realistic and already used test instances is provided