Who would benefit from open abdomen in severe acute pancreatitis?-a matched case-control study

Background Selection of patients for open abdomen (OA) treatment in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is challenging. Treatment related morbidity and risk of adverse events are high; however, refractory abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is potentially lethal. Factors influencing the decision to initiate OA treatment are clinically important. We aimed to study these factors to help understand what influences the selection of patients for OA treatment in SAP. Methods A single center study of patients with SAP that underwent OA treatment compared with conservatively treated matched controls. Results Within study period, 47 patients treated with OA were matched in a 1:1 fashion with conservatively treated control patients. Urinary output under 20 ml/h (OR 5.0 95% CI 1.8-13.7) and ACS (OR 4.6 95% CI 1.4-15.2) independently associated with OA treatment. Patients with OA treatment had significantly more often visceral ischemia (34%) than controls (6%), P = 0.002. Mortality among patients with visceral ischemia was 63%. Clinically meaningful parameters predicting developing ischemia were not found. OA treatment associated with higher overall 90-day mortality rate (43% vs 17%, P = 0.012) and increased need for necrosectomy (55% vs 21%, P = 0.001). Delayed primary fascial closure was achieved in 33 (97%) patients that survived past OA treatment. Conclusion Decreased urine output and ACS were independently associated with the choice of OA treatment in patients with SAP. Underlying visceral ischemia was strikingly common in patients undergoing OA treatment, but predicting ischemia in these patients seems difficult.Peer reviewe

Enteroatmospheric fistulae in open abdomen : Management and outcome – Single center experience

Background An enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) is a known, morbid complication of open abdomen (OA) treatment. Patients with EAF often require repeated operations and long-lasting hospitalization. The goal is to reach prompt closure of both the fistula and the OA to avoid further morbidity and mortality. This study describes and analyzes the treatment of EAFs in our clinic and aims at clarifying the factors contributing to the outcome. Materials and Methods This study was carried out as a single-institution retrospective chart analysis of patients treated with an OA and EAF at our institute between years 2004 and 2014. Twenty-six patients were included in the analysis. Results Twenty-three (88%) of the EAFs were primarily managed surgically: 14 with suturing and 9 with resection and/or stoma. From the latter group two died 1 and 2 days, respectively, after surgery. Of the remaining 21 patients, EAF recurred in 12/14 (86%) patients after suturing whereas in only 3/7 (43%) patients after resection and/or stoma (p = 0.04). Among the 21 early survivors after EAF repair, four patients reached fascial closure simultaneously with the EAF repair. Of the rest 9/17 had Bogota bag or drapes as temporary abdominal closure and 8/17 were treated with vacuum assisted closure device with or without fascial traction by mesh. All the nine patients treated with non-negative pressure dressings developed recurrence but only 4/8 in the negative-pressure treated group (p < 0.02). All conservatively treated patients developed persistent EAF. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 35% (9/26). Conclusion Surgical repair of EAF has a high failure rate. Primary resection of the affected region appears to be the most successful approach to avoid EAF recurrence. Furthermore, negative pressure wound therapy is superior to non-negative-pressure solutions in relation to EAF recurrence.Peer reviewe

Short- and long-term survival after severe acute pancreatitis : A retrospective 17 years' cohort study from a single center

Purpose: To study mortality in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and to identify risk factors for mortality. Materials and methods: A retrospective 17-years' cohort study of 435 consecutive adult patientswith SAP treated at intensive care unit of a university hospital. Results: Overall, 357 (82.1%) patients survived at 90 days follow-up. Three-hundred six (89.5%) patients under 60 years, 38 (60.3%) patients between 60 and 69 years, and 13 (43.3%) patients over 69 years of age survived at 90 days follow-up. Independent risk factors for death within 90-days were: 60 to 69 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 5.1), >69 years of age (OR 10.4), female sex (OR 2.0), heart disease (OR 2.9), chronic liver failure (OR 12.3), open abdomen treatment (OR 4.4) and sterile necrosectomy within 4 weeks (OR 14.7). The 10-year survival estimate was Conclusions: Although younger patients have excellent short-term survival after SAP, the long-term survival estimate is disappointing mostly due to alcohol abuse. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis : a retrospective study assessing risk factors for conversion and complications

Background: The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and risk factors for postoperative complications in acute calculous cholecystitis. The most common complications arising from cholecystectomy were also to be identified. Methods: A total of 499 consecutive patients, who had undergone emergent cholecystectomy with diagnosis of cholecystitis in Meilahti Hospital in 2013-2014, were identified from the hospital database. Of the identified patients, 400 had acute calculous cholecystitis of which 27 patients with surgery initiated as open cholecystectomy were excluded, resulting in 373 patients for the final analysis. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications was used. Results: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was initiated in 373 patients of which 84 (22.5%) were converted to open surgery. Multivariate logistic regression identified C-reactive protein (CRP) over 150 mg/l, age over 65 years, diabetes, gangrene of the gallbladder and an abscess as risk factors for conversion. Complications were experienced by 67 (18.0%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression identified age over 65 years, male gender, impaired renal function and conversion as risk factors for complications. Conclusions: Advanced cholecystitis with high CRP, gangrene or an abscess increase the risk of conversion. The risk of postoperative complications is higher after conversion. Early identification and treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis might reduce the number of patients with advanced cholecystitis and thus improve outcomes.Peer reviewe