Curvature singularity of the distributional BTZ black hole geometry

For the non-rotating BTZ black hole, the distributional curvature tensor field is found. It is shown to have singular parts proportional to a $\delta$-distribution with support at the origin. This singularity is related, through Einstein field equations, to a point source. Coordinate invariance and independence on the choice of differentiable structure of the results are addressed.Comment: Latex, 7 page

HISTORICAL SEISMICITY OF THE CALDAS DEPARTMENT (COLOMBIA)

A study of historical seismicity in the Province of Caldas was made by means of a systematic search of documentalsources such as files, manuscripts, printed documents, newspapers and magazines, aiming to widen the temporary timelapse and the precision of earthquakes that have left remains and have caused considerable damages in the population.This problem was approached by the use of intensive and extensive searching methods. The intensity was assigned usingthe European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). Finally, a site catalogue is proposed for the events that have caused a greatereffect in the state of Caldas, as well as damage degree and intensity maps for the major earthquakes as those of February4, 1938; July 30, 1962; and November 23, 1979. Key words: Historical seismicity, macroseismic, damage degree, intensity, catalogue.Se realizó un estudio de la sismicidad histórica del Departamento de Caldas, mediante una búsqueda sistemática defuentes documentales como archivos, documentos impresos, periódicos y revistas con el fin de ampliar la ventanatemporal y la precisión de terremotos que han dejado efectos y causado daños considerables en su población. Aproximamoseste problema utilizando métodos intensivistas y extensivistas en la búsqueda de la información. La intensidad se asignóutilizando la Escala Macrosísmica Europea (EMS-98). Finalmente se propone un catalogo de sitio para los eventos quehan causado mayor efecto en el Departamento de Caldas, y mapas de grados de daños e intensidades para los eventos demayor trascendencia como los ocurridos el 4 de Febrero de 1938, el 30 de Julio de 1962 y el 23 de Noviembre de 1979. Palabras claves: Sismicidad histórica, macrosísmica, grado de daños, intensidad, catálogo.   &nbsp

HISTORICAL SEISMICITY OF THE CALDAS DEPARTMENT (COLOMBIA)

A study of historical seismicity in the Province of Caldas was made by means of a systematic search of documentalsources such as files, manuscripts, printed documents, newspapers and magazines, aiming to widen the temporary timelapse and the precision of earthquakes that have left remains and have caused considerable damages in the population.This problem was approached by the use of intensive and extensive searching methods. The intensity was assigned usingthe European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). Finally, a site catalogue is proposed for the events that have caused a greatereffect in the state of Caldas, as well as damage degree and intensity maps for the major earthquakes as those of February4, 1938; July 30, 1962; and November 23, 1979. Key words: Historical seismicity, macroseismic, damage degree, intensity, catalogue.Se realizó un estudio de la sismicidad histórica del Departamento de Caldas, mediante una búsqueda sistemática defuentes documentales como archivos, documentos impresos, periódicos y revistas con el fin de ampliar la ventanatemporal y la precisión de terremotos que han dejado efectos y causado daños considerables en su población. Aproximamoseste problema utilizando métodos intensivistas y extensivistas en la búsqueda de la información. La intensidad se asignóutilizando la Escala Macrosísmica Europea (EMS-98). Finalmente se propone un catalogo de sitio para los eventos quehan causado mayor efecto en el Departamento de Caldas, y mapas de grados de daños e intensidades para los eventos demayor trascendencia como los ocurridos el 4 de Febrero de 1938, el 30 de Julio de 1962 y el 23 de Noviembre de 1979. Palabras claves: Sismicidad histórica, macrosísmica, grado de daños, intensidad, catálogo.   &nbsp

Design of a Questionnaire to Assess University Stakeholders Attributes from a Participative Leadership Approach

Licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported[ES] En este artículo se validan los constructos de un cuestionario propuesto para valorar los atributos (poder, legitimidad y urgencia) de grupos de interés universitarios. Desde una perspectiva subjetiva y un enfoque de relaciones, se recogió la percepción de una muestra de líderes de universidades públicas de Manizales (Colombia). Se conformaron dos grupos de constructos; el primero recoge los atributos de los grupos de interés universitarios y el segundo recoge la relevancia de éstos. Los resultados de los alfa de Cronbach indican que es factible medir de manera eficaz los constructos propuestos. Se concluye que, desde el nivel de análisis individual, el cuestionario propuesto cuenta con la coherencia interna y la fiabilidad de medida necesaria para valorar los atributos de los grupos de interés universitarios. En este análisis se considera que el contexto organizacional determina sus grupos de interés y que la percepción de los líderes determina la relevancia de los atributos.[EN] In this paper the constructs of a proposed questionnaire that assess the university stakeholders attributes (power, legitimacy and urgency) are validated. From a subjective perspective and a relational approach, the perceptions of a sample of public universities leaders from Manizales (Colombia) were collected. Two groups of constructs were formed, the first includes the university stakeholders attributes mentioned above and the second collects their relevance. The Cronbach alpha values indicate that is feasible to measure effectively the proposed constructs. It is concluded that, from an individual level of analysis, the proposed questionnaire has the internal consistency and the measure reliability for assessing the university stakeholders attributes. In this analysis, it is considered that the organizational context determines its stakeholders and that leaders´ perceptions determine the relevance of the attributes.Pantoja, MA.; Rodríguez, MDP.; Carrión García, A. (2015). Diseño de un cuestionario para valorar los atributos de grupos de interés universitarios desde un enfoque de liderazgo participativo. Formación Universitaria (Chile). 8(4):33-44. doi:10.4067/S0718-5006201500040000533448

Effect of GnRH on scrotal surface temperature, testicular volume and spern parameters of bulls with poor semen quality.

Spermatogenesis is coordinated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, mainly by GnRH secretion.Edição dos Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Embryo Technology Society (SBTE)

Cosmic acceleration from asymmetric branes

We consider a single 3-brane sitting in between two different five dimensional spacetimes. On each side of the brane, the bulk is a solution to Gauss-Bonnet gravity, although the bare cosmological constant, funda mental Planck scale, and Gauss-Bonnet coupling can differ. This asymmetry leads to weighted junction conditions across the brane and interesting brane cosmology. We focus on two special cases: a generalized Randall-Sundrum model without any Gauss-Bonnet terms, and a stringy model, without any bare cosmological constants, and positive Gauss-Bonnet coupling. Even though we assume there is no vacuum energy on the brane, we find late time de Sitter cosmologies can occur. Remarkably, in certain parameter regions, this acceleration is preceded by a period of matter/radiation domination, with $H^2 \propto \rho$, all the way back to nucleosynthesis.Comment: Version appearing in CQ

Absence of Staphylococcus aureus in Wild Populations of Fish Supports a Spillover Hypothesis

Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal and opportunistic pathogen that also infects other animals. In humans and livestock, where S. aureus is most studied, strains are specialized for different host species. Recent studies have also found S. aureus in diverse wild animals. However, it remains unclear whether these isolates are also specialized for their hosts or whether their presence is due to repeated spillovers from source populations. This study focuses on S. aureus in fish, testing the spillover hypothesis in two ways. First, we examined 12 S. aureus isolates obtained from the internal and external organs of a farmed fish. While all isolates were from clonal complex 45, genomic diversity indicates repeated acquisition. The presence of a φSa3 prophage containing human immune evasion genes suggests that the source was originally human. Second, we tested for S. aureus in wild fish that were isolated from likely sources. In particular, we sampled 123 brown trout and their environment at 16 sites in the remote Scottish Highlands with variable levels of exposure to humans, birds, and livestock. This screen found no S. aureus infection in any of the wild populations or their environment. Together, these results support that the presence of S. aureus in fish and aquaculture is due to spillover from humans rather than specialization. Given the trends of increasing fish consumption, a better understanding of the dynamics of S. aureus spillover in aquaculture will mitigate future risks to fish and human health. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a human and livestock commensal but also an important pathogen responsible for high human mortality rates and economic losses in farming. Recent studies show that S. aureus is common in wild animals, including fish. However, we do not know whether these animals are part of the normal host range of S. aureus or whether infection is due to repeated spillover events from true S. aureus hosts. Answering this question has implications for public health and conservation. We find support for the spillover hypothesis by combining genome sequencing of S. aureus isolates from farmed fish and screens for S. aureus in isolated wild populations. The results imply that fish are unlikely to be a source of novel emergent S. aureus strains but highlight the prominence of the spillover of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from humans and livestock. This may affect both future fish disease potential and the risk of human food poisoning