1,1′-(Ethane-1,2-di­yl)bis­(3-phenyl­thio­urea)

The complete molecule of the title compound, C16H18N4S2, is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the thio­urea group is 52.9 (4)°. The crystal structure displays inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonding, which generates sheets in the ab plane

Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Heterocyclic Analogs

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સૌરાષ્ટ્રનાં પ્રવાસન વિસ્તારનો વિકાસ અને કાયદો - ટીક્કાત્મક અભ્યાસ

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An Unexpected Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction in an Elderly Gentleman

Introduction: When compared to children, intussusception is rare in adults. It comprises only 5% of all intussusceptions and represents only 1% of all bowel obstructions. The mean age in adults is 50 years of age with no gender predominance. It typically presents with nonspecific symptoms and clinical findings. Thus, it is important to maintain a broad differential in order to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation: We discuss the case of a 93-year-old male with surgical history of open appendectomy who presented to the emergency department with intermittent episodes of diffuse abdominal cramping. On physical exam, abdomen was slightly distended without tenderness or peritoneal signs. CT abdomen/pelvis demonstrated a partial small bowel obstruction caused by intussusception secondary to a submucosal lipoma. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed our diagnosis. Conclusion: Malignancy accounts for up to 30% of cases of intussusception occurring in the small intestine in adults. Other causes include polyps, Meckel’s diverticulum, strictures, benign neoplasms, or iatrogenic. Its lack of pathognomonic presentation can complicate the diagnosis and lead to delay which may be catastrophic to the patient. Therefore, high suspicion, early detection, diagnosis, and definitive treatment remains essential.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1079/thumbnail.jp

Superkritična fluidna ekstrakcija lovastatina dobivenog fermentacijom na čvrstoj podlozi od pšeničnih mekinja

The objective of the present work is to extract lovastatin with minimum impurity by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). A strain of Aspergillus terreus UV 1617 was used to produce lovastatin by solid-state fermentation (SSF) on wheat bran as a solid substrate. Extraction of lovastatin and its hydroxy acid form was initially carried out using organic solvents. Among the different screened solvents, acetonitrile was found to be the most efficient. SC-CO2 was used for extraction of lovastatin from the dry fermented matter. The effect of supercritical extraction parameters such as the amount of an in situ pretreatment solvent, temperature, pressure, flow rate and contact time were investigated. The maximum recovery of lovastatin was obtained with 5 mL of methanol as an in situ pretreatment solvent for 1.5 g of solid matrix, flow rate of the supercritical solvent 2 L/min, temperature 50 °C, and contact time 155 min at a pressure 300 bar. The lovastatin extract obtained after optimizing the conditions of supercritical fluid extraction was found to have 5-fold more HPLC purity than the organic solvent extract.Svrha je ovoga rada bila izdvojiti lovastatin što veće čistoće pomoću superkritičnog ugljikova dioksida (SC-CO2). Lovastatin je proizveden fermentacijom na čvrstoj podlozi od pšeničnih mekinja s pomoću soja Aspergillus terreus UV 1617. Organskim otapalima ekstrahirani su lovastatin i njegov kiselinski oblik, pa je utvrđeno da je najučinkovitija ekstrakcija acetonitrilom. Da bi se izdvojio lovastatin iz fermentirane suhe tvari, upotrijebljen je superkritični ugljikov dioksid, pri čemu je ispitan utjecaj količine otapala upotrijebljenog za predobradu in situ, temperature, tlaka, brzine protoka superkritičnog otapala i vremena kontakta. Maksimalna količina lovastatina izdvojena je nakon predobrade 1,5 g čvrste podloge in situ s 1,5 mL metanola i 155 minuta ekstrakcije pri brzini protoka superkritičnog otapala od 2 L/min, temperaturi od 50 ºC i tlaku od 300 bara. Optimiranjem uvjeta superkritične fluidne ekstrakcije postignuta je, u usporedbi s klasičnim postupkom ekstrakcije otapalom, peterostruko veća HPLC čistoća lovastatina

4,5,6,10,11,12,16,17,18,22,23,24-Dodeca­kis­[(meth­oxy­carbon­yl)meth­oxy]-2,8,14,20-tetra­pentyl­resorcin[4]arene

The title compound, C84H112O36, has a macrocyclic structure. It has 12 (meth­oxy­carbon­yl)meth­oxy ‘head groups’ in the upper rim and exhibits a flattened boat geometry. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O contacts occur. The ‘head groups’ and the pentyl ‘feet’ contain disordered (0.5:0.5 occupancy ratio) atoms

Genetics of Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome

The main purpose of the studies described in this thesis is to find the genetic deficit in Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome. They are very rare, non-inherited syndromes with a unilateral predominance of the multiple enchondromas. Enchondroma is a benign cartilage forming tumor which can undergo malignant transformation towards chondrosarcoma. We hypothesized the presence of somatic mosaicism with an early post zygotic mutation. We used genome-wide and hypothesis driven approach to identify genes causing Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome. Ultimately, we identified mutations in two genes (IDH1 and IDH2) that were present in the majority of the tumors from patients with Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome. A subgroup of patients did not show mutations in IDH1, IDH2 or PTH1R and therefore, other genes (except ACP5, PTPN11, PTHLH, GNAS, NDST1) might be involved. Moreover, one can not exclude the possibility of functional links or pathways shared between IDH1 or IDH2 with EXT1, EXT2, PTH1R, PTPN11, PTHLH, TET2 and ACP5. We have shown that IDH1 mutations are associated with hypermethylation and consequently downregulation of several genes. DLX5 was the most differentially methylated gene between enchondromas with, and without IDH1 mutations which was found in our study.MRC-Holland, Anna FondsUBL - phd migration 201

4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-Octa-O-methyl-2,8,14,20-tetra­pentylresorcin[4]arene

The complete molecule of the title compound, C56H80O8, is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the unique half of the molecule is 81.52 (16)°. There are no π–π inter­actions in the crystal structure

6,12,18,24-Tetra­meth­oxy-4,10,16,22-tetra­kis­[(meth­oxy­carbon­yl)meth­oxy]-2,8,14,20-tetra­kis­(2-phenyl­eth­yl)resorcin[4]arene

The title compound, C76H80O16, is a macrocyclic structure. This novel resorcin[4]arene derivative has (meth­oxy­carbon­yl)meth­oxy ‘head’ groups on the upper rim. The compound has a C 2v ‘boat’ geometry and there are a range of C—H⋯O contacts in the crystal structure

4,10,16,22-Tetra­kis(2-chloro­acet­oxy)-6,12,18,24-tetra­meth­oxy-2,8,14,20-tetra­pentyl­resorcin[4]arene

The title compound, C60H76Cl4O12, has a macrocyclic structure and both the upper and lower rim have disordered atoms. There are no hydrogen bonds or π–π stacking inter­actions in the crystal