Rilievo, documentazione e ricostruzione di un centro monumentale con fotogrammetria e modellazione tridimensionali: il caso della città romana di Sala

The paper analyses the practise of surveying and reconstruction of the buildings in a Roman North Africa monumental centre by means of photogrammetry and three-dimensional modeling. Photogrammetry, in particular, proves to be an efficient and economic method for field analysis, although it has limitations in terms of processing time and the need for very powerful computers. Photogrammetric models, characterized by a high volumetric and colorimetric quality, constitute an ideal basis for reconstruction by means of 3D modeling, particularly in the case of research, such as this one, related to the Archaeology of Construction

Programa intensivo ERASMUS: TOPCART. Documentación Geométrica del Patrimonio (memoria de actividades 2010-2011)

[EN] Data contained in this record come from the following accademic activity (from which it is possible to locate additional records related with the Monastery):● LDGP_inv_002: "Intensive Program ERASMUS: TOPCART. Geometric Documentation of the Heritage (administrative and academic documentation)", http://hdl.handle.net/10810/9906[ES] Los datos de este registro provienen de la una actividad académica que también aparece descrita en el repositorio y desde donde se puede acceder a otros trabajos relacionados con el Monasterio:● LDGP_inv_002: "Programa intensivo ERASMUS: TOPCART. Documentación Geométrica del Patrimonio (documentación administrativa y académica)", http://hdl.handle.net/10810/9906[EN] The main objective this project is looking for is the exchange of practical methodologies, in topics related with the measure and representation of heritage, between teachers and specially students from different countries. For the achievement of this aim we expect the participation of a group of about 30 students and 8 lecturers from Germany, Italy, Greece, Lithuania and Spain.Activities will be focused on the development of concrete projects in documentation of heritage, specifically in the San Prudencio Monastery (La Rioja, Spain). In this site, digital techniques for the acquisition of geometric information from GPS equipment, surveying total stations, laser scanner and photogrammetry systems, will be put into practice.Obtained data will be processed as follows: first of all, they will be documented by adding necessary metadata in order to ensure their use in the future, then, they will be treated to obtain cartographic representations and virtual models which can be distributed on the Internet.As results we expect: metric data of the monument, graphic models for difussion and collaboration partnertships.[ES] El objetivo principal que se persigue en este proyecto es el intercambio de metodológico práctico, en materias afines a la medida y la representación del patrimonio, entre profesores y fundamentalmente alumnos, de diferentes países. Para la consecución de este fin se espera la participación de un grupo de aproximadamente 25 alumnos y 8 profesores de (Alemania, Italia, Grecia, Lituania y España).Las actividades se centrarán en el desarrollo de proyectos concretos de documentación de elementos patrimoniales, en concreto el apartado práctico se desarrollará en el Monasterio de San Prudencio (La Rioja, España). En el se aplicarán técnicas digitales de registro de información geométrica, constituidas por receptores GPS, estaciones totales topográficas, escáneres láser y sistemas fotogramétricos.Los datos obtenidos serán tratados de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar serán documentados, mediante la adición de la metainformación necesaria para garantizar su utilidad a lo largo del tiempo, seguidamente serán procesados con el fin de obtener las representaciones cartográficas y modelos virtuales de representación que puedan ser difundidas por medio de Internet.Como resultados se pretenden: un conjunto de registros métricos del momento de la intervención, modelos gráficos de difusión y finalmente relaciones de colaboración interpersonal e interinstitucional.European Commission, DG Education and Culture (Erasmus 2009-1-ES1-ERAIP-0013, 2010-1-ES1-ERA10-0024); Organismo Autónomo Programas Educativos Europeos (OAPEE); Gobierno de La Rioja (Spain); Universidad de La Rioja; Clavijo City Council; Logroño City Council; Ilustre Colegio de Ingenieros Técnicos en Topografía (Delegación de La Rioja)[ES] Memoria de proyecto (PDF) [es el último fichero de la lista, el enlace directo es https://addi.ehu.es/bitstream/10810/7053/1053/ldgp_mem011-1_Clavijo_SanPrudencio.pdf] + 11 imágenes de la visita preliminar en abril de 2009, en formato JPEG + 19 nubes de puntos en formato txt (comprimido en ZIP junto a un fichero de metadatos y una imagen que sirve de croquis y que también se presenta suelta) + 27 fotografías tomadas desde un helicóptero radicontrolado en 2011 por el grupo H (JPEG) + 18 fotografías métricas del edificio en forma de -L- tomadas desde el Sur + 13 fotografías métricas del edificio en forma de -L- tomadas desde el Este + 95 fotografías métricas del interior del edificio en forma de -L- (JPEG) + 35 fotografías métricas tomadas desde el cerro que se encuentra al sur (JPEG) + 8 fotografías métricas que forman 4 pares estereoscópicos (2 del grupo B y 2 del grupo D) (JPEG) + 183 fotografías métricas que forman 91 tripletas (grupos B, C y D) (JPEG). [NOTA: este registro no está cerrado, se irán incorporando nuevos materiales de forma progresiva][EN] General report (PDF) [it is the last file of the list, the direct link is https://addi.ehu.es/bitstream/10810/7053/1053/ldgp_mem011-1_Clavijo_SanPrudencio.pdf] + 11 pictures taken during the preliminary visit in April 2009 (JPEG format) + 19 point clouds in plain text (compressed in a ZIP file together with a file with metadata and an image PNG as sketch, these image are also presented on their own) + 27 photographs taken from a remote-controlled helicopter for the group H in 2011(JPEG) + 18 metric pictures of the L-shaped building taken from the South (JPEG) + 13 metric pictures of the L-shaped building taken from the East (JPEG) + 95 metric pictures of the inside part of the L-shaped building (JPEG) + 35 metric photographs taken from the hill opposite in the Southern + 8 metric photographs in four stereopairs (2 from group B and 2 from group D) (JPEG) + 183 metric photographs arranged in 91 triplets from groups B, C and D (JPEG). [NOTE: this record is not closed, more data will be uploaded progressively

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients

Archeologia della costruzione nel centro monumentale di Sala (Mauretania Tingitana): il caso della Curia Ulpia

In questo volume sono stati raccolti gli estratti dei contributi presentati ai Seminari dell’Associazione Internazionale di Archeologia Classica (AIAC) durante gli anni accademici 2017-2018 e 2018-2019. Da molti anni l’AIAC promuove la visibilità delle ricerche internazionali dei giovani studiosi presenti a Roma, presso gli istituti stranieri o le università, con l’obiettivo di favorire un intenso dialogo istituzionale e la creazione di nuove reti scientifiche nell’ambito dell’archeologia classica e dello studio del mondo antico in generale. Questa miscellanea di studi apre una prospettiva nuova sugli interessi attuali dell’archeologia e sulle metodologie applicate. I temi trattati nel volume interessano vari argomenti: l’analisi dei processi economici e produttivi, la ricostruzione dei cantieri, le architetture monumentali, la gestione dell’acqua, l’ambito funerario, la topografia, lo studio del territorio e delle fonti storiche, le ville e l’urbanistica classica

Le aree pubbliche e monumentali africane in età romana. Il foro di Sala (Chellah/Rabat, Marocco)

La ricerca sul centro monumentale di Sala (Mauretania Tingitana) si pone l’obiettivo di contribuire alla conoscenza della città antica tramite l’analisi degli edifici che lo formano, per offrire un quadro della sua evoluzione costruttiva e urbanistica e metterla a confronto con quella di altri centri monumentali del territorio nordafricano in età romana. La città di Sala si trova a circa 3,5 km dall’estuario del fiume Bou Regreg, nei pressi della città di Rabat, in Marocco. La città è stata scavata negli anni ’30 e tra il 1959 e il 1987 da équipes di ricerca francesi, le cui attività hanno riportato alla luce tutto ciò che è oggi visibile. Gli scavi francesi non sono stati corredati da pubblicazioni esaustive su stratigrafie e ritrovamenti, e su di essi, oggi, abbiamo notizie incomplete, spesso riguardanti solo ben determinate tipologie di reperti. Data la mancanza di dati precisi su stratigrafie e materiali, si è deciso di tentare un’interpretazione tramite gli strumenti offerti dall’Archeologia dell’Architettura e l’Archeologia della Costruzione per tracciare un quadro dell’evoluzione costruttiva delle strutture e di quella urbanistica del quartiere. Gli edifici sono stati analizzati nei loro rapporti stratigrafici per delinearne l’evoluzione e le peculiarità costruttive, che costituiscono la base per la loro ricostruzione tridimensionale. La metodologia d’indagine è basata sulla combinazione dei dati desunti dalle pubblicazioni, dagli archivi e dall’analisi sul campo, comprendente il rilievo topografico e fotogrammetrico tridimensionale e l’analisi stratigrafica delle strutture. I dati raccolti sono stati immagazzinati ed interrogati grazie alla creazione di una base di dati collegata ad un Sistema Informativo Geografico. I nuovi dati derivanti dall’analisi sul campo sono stati combinati a quelli desumibili dalle pubblicazioni e, in alcuni casi, anche da documenti fotografici inediti realizzati dagli scavatori. Per ciascun edificio del centro monumentale si offre una descrizione delle evidenze e delle attività archeologiche precedenti, combinata ai nuovi dati desunti dall’analisi sul campo, che ne delineano la storia costruttiva. A partire dai dati raccolti sul campo si propone anche l’analisi del progetto costruttivo, che ha rivelato la commistione di due unità di misura, il pes monetalis romano e il cubitus structorius punico, utilizzati rispettivamente per la realizzazione del progetto architettonico e per la realizzazione dei blocchi in pietra. Per gli edifici meglio conservati si propongono anche una o più ipotesi ricostruttive bi e tridimensionali. I dati raccolti sono stati anche utilizzati per descrivere l’evoluzione urbanistica del quartiere nelle varie fasi della sua occupazione, con particolare attenzione alle trasformazioni avvenute in età romana, durante la quale il centro subisce profonde modifiche mirate alla sua monumentalizzazione. Si analizza, infine, la situazione urbanistica del centro monumentale nel II secolo d.C., confrontandola con altre realtà del territorio africano. Sulla base delle caratteristiche dell’area e della sua organizzazione urbanistica si propone per essa una nuova interpretazione, che la vede come un sistema integrato di spazi pubblici attorno ai quali si sviluppavano la vita civile e religiosa della città. The research on the monumental centre of Sala (Mauretania Tingitana) aims to contribute to the knowledge of such ancient city through the analysis of its buildings Therefore it offers a picture of its constructive and urban evolution, providing a comparison with the other monumental centres of the North African territory in Roman times. The city of Sala is located about 3.5 km from the estuary of the Bou Regreg River, near the city of Rabat, Morocco. This city was excavated in the 1930s, and between 1959 and 1987 by French excavation teams, whose activities brought to light everything that is visible today. This excavations did not provide exhaustive publications on stratigraphies, therefore only incomplete information focused mainly on restricted finding typologies are nowadays available. Due to this lack of information, stratigraphies were interpreted with the help of Archaeology of Architecture and the Archaeology of Construction, drawing a picture of the constructive evolution of the structures and the urban evolution of the area. The buildings have been analysed in their stratigraphic relationships to outline their evolution and construction peculiarities, constituting the basis for their 3D reconstruction. The investigation methodology is based on the combination of data from publications, archives, and field analysis, including topographic and 3D photogrammetric survey, and the stratigraphic analysis of structures. A database connected to a Geographic Information System was created to query the collected data. The new data from the field analysis were combined with those from the publications and, in some cases, also from unpublished photographs made by the excavators. For each building in the monumental centre, I provide a description of the previous archaeological evidences and activities together with new data from field analysis, which outlines its construction history. On the basis of the data collected in the field, I also propose the analysis of the construction project. This revealed the mixture of two units of measurement, the Roman pes monetalis and the Punic cubitus structorius, used respectively for the realization of the architectural project and of the stone blocks. Moreover I propose one or more 2D and 3D reconstructive hypotheses for the best preserved buildings. The collected data was also used to describe the urban evolution of the district during the various phases of its occupation, focusing on the transformations occurred in the Roman era, when the centre underwent profound changes aimed to its monumentalisation. Finally, I analyse the urban situation of the monumental centre in the 2nd century A.D., comparing it with the other realities in the African territory. On the basis of the characteristics of the area and its urban organization, I propose a new interpretation of it as an integrated system of public spaces around which the civil and religious life of the city developed

Introduzione [a A. Arrighetti, R. Pansini (a cura di), Sistemi e tecniche di documentazione, gestione e valorizzazione dell’architettura storica: alcune recenti esperienze, «Archeologia e Calcolatori»]

International audienc

The civic district of Sala (Chellah – Rabat, Morocco): shaping and perceiving monuments under the Roman empire

This article investigates the development of urbanism and architecture at the site of Sala (Chellah), from the end of the first century BC to the latter half of the second century AD. By looking at the transformations in the town’s civic centre from the Mauretanian to Roman imperial period, the aim is to assess how the layout and function of public spaces and buildings were reshaped to respond to new ideas of monumentality. A range of research methodologies are applied to address this question, including architectural, archival, and archaeological analyses, as well as the use of 3D digital modelling. The case study of Sala is of particular importance, as it shows how certain pre-Roman monuments were kept in use within new public contexts, and how imperial-style, urban and architectural features were introduced in the town as part of trends that can be recognized across North Africa and the Roman Empire more broadl