Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Studies of α

Very fine nanosized metal oxide, namely, iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) has been synthesized by precipitation method using ammonia as precipitating agent and characterized by using XRD (X-ray diffraction), TGA/DTA, surface area measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and magnetic measurements techniques. XRD studies show that iron oxide was formed as α-Fe2O3 instead of the commonly formed magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) or a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3, cubic), and it has rhombohedral structure. Magnetic measurements showed that iron oxide has five unpaired electrons and is ferromagnetic in nature, Ms value being 1.7 emu/g. The particle size of the synthesized iron oxide was determined by TEM. TEM images show that the size of particles of Fe2O3 varied from 15 nm to 49 nm with average crystallite size 35 nm

Clinical Application of Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita in the Present Era

From last few decades in health sector of India, role of traditional medicine enhanced whether it is Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani or Yoga. Ayurveda main aim is to maintain the health of the healthy individual and treatment of the ailments. This treatment related concept with their fundamentals were written in stepwise manner and classified in various Sthana. This article highlights the ancient view of Charaka and clinical applications of the concepts embedded in the Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita. Aims and Objectives: To explore the concepts clinical application of Vimana Sthana of Charaka Samhita in the present era. Material and Methods: The available Samhita mainly Charaka Samhita, with Sanskrit and Hindi commentaries on Vimana Sthana along with the available commentaries. Discussion: According to Acharya Charaka, Vimana Sthana is explained after Nidana Sthana where all the etiological factors are explained properly but still if a physician does not know the measurement and special features of Doshas he will not be able to treat the patient properly. There is total eight chapters in this Sthana having wide variety of topics that a clinician should know before entering into practice. Chapter wise clinical applicability are discussed. Conclusion: Approach to diseases concept by Acharya Charaka in Vimana Sthana is progressive, scientific and applied in clinical application of today’s era also

Acute lung injury after platelet transfusion in a patient with dengue fever

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious clinical syndrome associated with the transfusion of plasmacontaining blood components. Recently, TRALI has come to be recognized as the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. This complication typically presents as shortness of breath, hypoxemia, hypotension, fever, and non cardiogenic pulmonary edema, occurring within 6 h after transfusion. Although the mechanism of TRALI has not been exactly known, it has been associated with human leukocyte antigen antibodies and with biologically active mediators in stored cellular blood components. We, hereby, present a case of a patient with dengue fever who developed acute lung injury (ALI), presumably TRALI, after transfusion of platelet concentrates. He was treated with supportive measures and mechanical ventilation. Greater knowledge and increased awareness especially amongst the clinicians regarding TRALI is needed for prevention and treatment of this potentially severe complication of blood/component transfusion

Understanding the Constraints and Optimization of Serum Immunofixation Electrophoresis and Serum Free Light Chains for Detecting Monoclonal Proteins: A Single-Center Experience

Background Serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) and serum free light chain (SFLC) assay are imperative investigations in diagnosis and follow-up of multiple myeloma (MM). SFLC assays are reported to have higher sensitivity than SIFE. However, discrepancies have been reported between them. The current study was aimed at assessing concordance and discordance between SIFE and SFLC results in MM. Methods A total of 450 observations of both SIFE and SFLC were obtained from treatment-naive and follow-up MM patients. Results One hundred and twenty-nine (28.7%) values were observed as discordant, that is, positive SIFE with normal SFLC ratio or negative SIFE with abnormal SFLC ratio (p-value < 0.00001). Proportion of discordance was higher in SIFE positive-SFLC normal cases than SIFE negative-SFLC abnormal cases. Discordance was more frequent in follow-up cases. Conclusion Negative SFLC alone may not be reliable for MM follow-up. Algorithm may be based on SFLC measurements on each follow-up till attainment of normal SFLC ratio. Once SFLC normalizes, follow-up may be done with SIFE. If SIFE is positive, further follow-up with SIFE may be initiated

Breast and gynecologic cancer-related extremity lymphedema: a review of diagnostic modalities and management options.

Lymphedema remains a poorly understood entity that can occur after lymphadenectomy. Herein, we will review the pathogenesis of lymphedema, diagnostic modalities and the natural history of extremity involvement. We will review the incidence of upper extremity lymphedema in patients treated for breast malignancies and lower extremity lymphedema in those treated for gynecologic malignancy. Finally, we will review traditional treatment modalities for lymphedema, as well as introduce new surgical treatment modalities that are under active investigation

Correlation of diabetes complications with blood pressure variability

Introduction: India is suffering from an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are two lifestyle diseases which are often coexistent. The present study aimed to assess whether blood pressure (BP) variability has any correlation with the prevalence of chronic complications of diabetes. Materials and Methods: In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, 116 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) for 24 h duration was performed in all the study participants. The abnormal patterns of BP were analyzed. Results: Out of 100 patients with valid ABPM data, 62% of patients had masked hypertension, 45% had nondipping pattern, and 13% had reverse dipping pattern. The prevalence of diabetes complications both macrovascular and microvascular was significantly higher in patients who had abnormal dipping patterns. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of ABPM which detects masked hypertension, white-coat hypertension, and abnormal BP patterns which are related to complications of diabetes

Breast and gynecologic cancer-related extremity lymphedema: a review of diagnostic modalities and management options.

Lymphedema remains a poorly understood entity that can occur after lymphadenectomy. Herein, we will review the pathogenesis of lymphedema, diagnostic modalities and the natural history of extremity involvement. We will review the incidence of upper extremity lymphedema in patients treated for breast malignancies and lower extremity lymphedema in those treated for gynecologic malignancy. Finally, we will review traditional treatment modalities for lymphedema, as well as introduce new surgical treatment modalities that are under active investigation

Bisalbuminemia: A Pathologist’s Insight of an Uncommon Phenomenon

Background The incidence of a bifid electrophoretic pattern in the albumin region on serum protein electrophoresis is an infrequent phenomenon. The availability of literature from India is scarce and is limited to case reports. Objective The aim of the study is to analyze the frequency of bisalbuminemia in an Indian referral facility. The study delved into their clinical associations. Material and Methods The retrospective case records of the patient from the departmental database were scrutinized. The study subjects were for an 8-year study period. Results There were about 39,900 serum electrophoresis performed in an 8-year study period. A total of 40 cases of bisalbuminemia were detected. The incidence in our cohort was 0.01%. Conclusion Bisalbuminemia, an overtly benign condition, is infrequent in Indian population although not rare. It is associated with several clinical disorders; however, the association seems to be plausibly coincidental