Radiotherapy for lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma - a systematic review.

Lentigo maligna (LM) is the most common subtype of in situ melanoma und occurs frequently in the sun-exposed head and neck region in elderly patients. The therapeutic "gold standard" is surgical excision, as there is the risk of progression to invasive (lentigo maligna) melanoma (LMM). However, surgery is not feasible in certain patients due to age, comorbidities or patient preference. Radiotherapy using Grenz rays or superficial X-rays has been established as non-invasive alternative for the treatment of LM and LMM. We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Embase databases in September 2019 and identified 14 patient series using radiotherapy for LM or LMM. No prospective trials were found. The 14 studies reported a total of 1243 lesions (1075 LM and 168 LMM) treated with radiotherapy. Local recurrence rates ranged from 0 to 31% and were comparable to surgical series in most of the reports on radiotherapy. Superficial radiotherapy was prescribed in 5-23 fractions with a total dose of 35-57 Gy. Grenz ray therapy was prescribed in 42-160 Gy in 3-13 fractions with single doses up to 20 Gy. Cosmetic results were reported as "good" to "excellent" for the majority of patients.In conclusion, the available low-level evidence suggests that radiotherapy may be a safe and effective treatment for LM and LMM. Data from prospective trials such as the phase 3 RADICAL trial are needed to confirm these promising findings and to compare radiotherapy to other non-surgical therapies and to surgery

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Teknik Membaca Puisi

Instructional Technology born out of the reality of education and movement of audio-visual communication. Instructional Technology originally envisioned as technological equipment, related to the use of equipment, media and the means to achieve the goal of education or in other words teaching with audio-visual aids. One of the media that is based on audio-visual media video. The lesson of Indonesian and Indonesian Literature, learning-oriented nature of Indonesian and Literature, which states that learning Indonesian is learning to use the language correctly. In Indonesian, there is a sub-science that is often called the study of literature. One of the lessons learned from the study of literature is poetry. This study is conducted to examine the poetry reading techniques. The purpose of this study are: 1) to produce a video about learning to read poetry in Indonesian; 2) to know the level of validation of videos product about reading poetry; 3) to know the result of learning of the students who use the media of instructional video. This study uses the method of qualitative descriptive and uses the model Borg and Gall to answer the questions above. In this case, the researcher as an observer and the teacher as facilitator of learning in the classroom. In collecting the data through observation, the researcher uses a tape recorder, the guide of interview. The result shows that the result of expert communication media is valid / feasible to use in the learning process and based on the result of a value obtained results vaidasi 91.25%. The result of the experts in the field is valid / feasible to use in the learning process, and based on the results obtained vaidasi a value of 85%. The results of the audience / the students on a limited scale is valid / feasible to use in the learning process, and based on the results obtained vaidasi worth 91.7%. The results of the audience / the students of the fieldtest is valid / feasible to use in the learning process, and based on the results vaidasi value of 85.1%. The results of the test are limited to substantially increase learning outcomes trials. The increasing of the learning result can be evidenced before the students using the means of instruction, the graduation rate was 33.3%, and after the students using instructional media, presentations graduation increased to 100%. The result of field tests have increased on the result of learning. The result of the increased learning, can be evidencedbefore the students using the means of instruction, the graduation rate is 5%, and after students using instructional media, presentations graduation increased to 85%. Therefore, the learning media can be used in the process of learning to improve learning outcomes for students.Teknologi Pembelajaran lahir dari realita pendidikan dan gerakan komunikasi audio visual. Teknologi Pembelajaran semula dilihat sebagai teknologi peralatan, yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan peralatan, media dan sarana untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan atau dengan kata lain mengajar dengan alat bantu audio-visual. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang berlandaskan audio-visual adalah media video. Mata pelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, berorientasi pada hakikat pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra yang menyatakan bahwa, belajar bahasa Indonesia adalah belajar menggunakan bahasa yang baik dan benar. Dalam pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, terdapat sub ilmu yang sering disebut dengan pembelajaran sastra. Salah satu pembelajaran yang dipelajari dalam pelajaran sastra adalah puisi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk meneliti teknik membaca puisi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menghasilkan produk video tentang membaca puisi dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia; 2) mengetahui tingkat validasi dari produk video tentang membaca puisi; 3) mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media video pembelajaran. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan model penelitian pengembangan Sadiman, untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas. Dalam hal ini, peneliti sebagai observer dan guru sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Dalam mengumpulkan data melalui observasi, peneliti menggunakan alat perekam, pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang diperoleh dari ahli media adalah valid/ layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dan berdasarkan hasil vaidasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 91,25%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari ahli materi adalah valid/ layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, dan berdasarkan hasil vaidasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 85%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari audiens/ siswa dalam skala terbatas adalah valid/ layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, dan berdasarkan hasil vaidasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 91,7%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari audiens/ siswa uji lapangan adalah valid/ layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, dan berdasarkan hasil vaidasi diperoleh nilai sebesar 85,1%. Hasil tes uji coba skala terbatas mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar. Peningkatan hasil belajar tersebut dapat dibuktikan ketika siswa sebelum menggunakan media pembelajaran, persentasi kelulusannya adalah 33,3%, dan setelah siswa menggunakan media pembelajaran, presentasi kelulusannya meningkat menjadi 100%. Hasil tes uji lapangan mengalami peningkatan hasil belajar. Peningkatan hasil belajar tersebut, dapat dibuktikan ketika siswa sebelum menggunakan media pembelajaran, persentasi kelulusannya adalah 5%, dan setelah siswa menggunakan media pembelajaran, presentasi kelulusannya meningkat menjadi 85%. Dengan demikian, media pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa

Mohs math – where the error hides

BACKGROUND: Mohs surgical technique allows a full view of surgical margins and has a reported cure rate approaching 100%. METHOD: A survey amongst Mohs surgeons was performed to assess operator technique. In addition, an animated clay model was constructed to identify and quantify tissue movement seen during the processing of Mohs surgical specimens. RESULTS: There is variability in technique used in Mohs surgery in regards to the thickness of layers, and the number of blocks layers are cut into. A mathematical model is described which assesses the clinical impact of this variability. CONCLUSION: Our mathematical model identifies key aspects of technique that may contribute to error. To keep the inherent error rate at a minimum, we advocate minimal division and minimal physical thickness of Mohs specimens

Angiosarcoma of the nasal cavity: a case report

Angiosarcomas are malignant neoplasias of rapid growth that develop from endothelial cells. They represent 2% of all sarcomas and only 1–4% are located in the aerodigestive tract. Since 1977, only 16 cases have been reported

Exploration of two methods for quantitative Mitomycin C measurement in tumor tissue in vitro and in vivo

Two methods of quantifying Mitomycin C in tumor tissue are explored. A method of ultraviolet-visible absorption microscopy is developed and applied to measure the concentration of Mitomycin C in preserved mouse tumor tissue, as well as in gelatin samples. Concentrations as low as 60 μM can be resolved using this technique in samples that do not strongly scatter light. A novel method for monitoring the Mitomycin C concentrations inside a tumor is developed, based on microdialysis and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. A pump is used to perfuse a microdialysis probe with Ringer’s solution, which is fed to a flow cell to determine intratumor concentrations in real time to within a few μM. The success and limitations of these techniques are identified, and suggestions are made as to further development. To the authors’ knowledge these are the first attempts made to quantify Mitomycin C concentrations in tumor tissue

Ateriovenous subclavia-shunt for head and neck reconstruction

Reconstruction of the facial hard- and soft tissues is of special concern for the rehabilitation of patients especially after ablative tumor surgery has been performed. Impaired soft and hard tissue conditions as a sequelae of extensive surgical resection and/or radiotherapy may impede common reconstruction methodes. Even free flaps may not be used without interposition of a vein graft as recipient vessels are not available as a consequence of radical neck dissection

Cutaneous lesions of the external ear

Skin diseases on the external aspect of the ear are seen in a variety of medical disciplines. Dermatologists, othorhinolaryngologists, general practitioners, general and plastic surgeons are regularly consulted regarding cutaneous lesions on the ear