Soybean phytoremediation of cadmium polluted agricultured soil

Soil pollution with cadmium is due to strengthened industrial development, especially in the areas of drilling, exploitation and processing of mineral raw materials. Many investigation have shown that in Republic of Macedonia there are several areas with significant higher content of cadmium in the soil, including the vicinity of the mine lead and zinc “Zletovo” near the town of Probištip. Phytoremediation is one of the most convenient techniques for remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils. Previously conducted studies are proposing a several plant species that can be used for efficient phytoremediation. The main issue of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of soybean varieties for phytoremediation of agricultural soils with higher content of cadmium. For that purpose, three soybean varieties with short vegetation were used: Pella, Avigea and OW in association with rhyzobacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Physical-chemical analyses of soil were made, such as: pH, CEC, EC, organic matter, soil texture, available potassium and phosphorus, total and available Cd. The total content of Cd was determined in l the separate parts of the plant (root, stem, leaf, seed and pod). The analysis determined that the varieties Pella and OW shows high potential for phytostabilization/ phytoextraction of cadmium from soil (BAF>1 and TF>1)

Nonmetallic skarn minerals of the Sasa ore field

The paper presents the mineralogical characteristics of the non-metallic skarn minerals of the Sasa ore field. The analyses were carried out in the Institute for Crystallography in Zurich and the laboratories of the Faculty of Mining and Geology in Stip

Минералошко-хемиски карактеристики на мермерот од "Мемешли"-Струмица

Во овој труд се презентирани податоците добиени со одредување на минералошко-хемиските карактеристики на мермерот од наоѓалиштето Мемешли-Струмица. Извршено е одредување на минералошко-хемиските особини на накнадно создадените калцити кои се наоѓат на некои места во дисјуктивните структури на наоѓалиштето. Испитувањата се вршени на Рударско-Геолошки факултет Штип. Хемиските анализи се направени со АЕС-ИЦП

Assesment of arsenic-polluted groundwater in the Strumica region, an intensive agriculture production area

Arsenic polluted groundwater was found in the south-east part of the Republic of Macedonia where an intensive agriculture production is concentrate on the area of 963 km2. Out of 185 samples collected from boreholes, 64 samples have arsenic in concentrations greater than 10 μg/L, from which 30 samples have concentration greater than 50 μg/L with maximum concentration of 176.56 μg/L. The affected aquifers are mostly concentrated in the central part of the valley characterized with alluvial plains and young aquifers. Polluted samples are collected from boreholes with different depths: 15 samples are shallow (4,5 - 20 m), 42 samples are deep (21-100 m) and 7 samples have depth greater than 100 m. The contaminated groundwater is slightly acidic to neutral (pH between 7.5 – 8.53), with high alkalinity (HCO3 - 177.06 – 511.87) and moderate conductivity (ECw 2.48 – 7.2). Highly affected samples are characterized with high concentrations of Mn and Fe. Other investigated ions such as Mg, Na, K, Ca, P, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn and Pb are present in low concentrations. Factor analysis revealed high positive correlation between arsenic, iron and manganese which suggest the natural origin of arsenic in groundwater. Reducing environment, high iron, high manganese and bicarbonate content, as well as low sulfate and nitrate content, show that reductive dissolution is one of the mechanisms by which arsenic is released into the groundwater [1]

Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Ground Waters in the Area between the Villages Injevo and Kalugerica, Radoviš

This paper presents the results obtained from the latest research of the physical-chemicalparameters of ground water made in the area between the villages Injevo and Kalugerica. Investigation showsthat the temperature of the tested waters is in the range of 8–1400C, the measured pH values for analyzed watersare in the range of 6.2 – 8.0. TDS values measured in the tested waters range from a minimum value of326 mg/l to a maximum value of 2252 mg/l. Their specified hardness is in the range from 18 to 1380dH. Thescope of certain concentrations of alkalinity ranges from 68 mg/l to a maximum 540 mg/l. Chlorides are determinedin a concentration range of minimum 17.4 mg/l up to a maximum of 241 mg/l. The concentrationsof sulphates in the examined waters range from minimum 14.6 mg/l to a maximum 535 mg/l. The results ofmeasurements of dissolved phosphorus concentrations range from minimum 0.011 mg/l to an extremely highvalue of 4.62 mg/l. The scope of certain concentrations of nitrate anions ranges from the minimum value of4.6 mg/l in Gorno Injevo – B7, to the maximum value of 477 mg/l, and for nitrites the maximum concentrationis 0.12 mg/l. The detected maximum concentration of ammonium ions is 0.0579 mg. The determinationof the chemical composition of ground water is of particular importance for water supply to these settlements

BIOACCUMULATION AND TRANSLOCATION FACTOR OF HEAVY METALS IN THE PLANTS LINARIA SP., MORICANDIA SP. AND VIOLA LUTEA HUDS FROM THE ALŠAR LOCALITY – REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

This work was conducted in order to assess the distribution of metal and metalloids in soil and plants (Linaria sp., Moricandia sp. and Viola lutea Huds) which appears at the Alšar locality – Republic of Macedonia, as well as bioaccumulation and translocation of the metals in different parts of the plant. For this purpose, the contents of metals in soil and parts (root, tree, leaf and flowers) of the plants were digested and then analyzed by ICPMS. Obtained results showed that studied soil and plants are enriched with thallium and arsenic. The contents of these elements in soil exceeded the intervention value for soils (The New Dutch list). According to New Dutch list, natural background content of Tl is 1.0 mg/kg, while interventional value is 15 mg/kg. In this work, the total Tl content in the soil from Alšar site is 561 mg/kg. The content of arsenic in unpolluted soils presented in other papers ranges from 4 to 150 mg/kg. Elevated As content, up to 732 mg/kg, is reported for Slovakian soils. Natural background content for As is 29 mg/kg, and intervention value is 55 mg/kg reported by the New Dutch list. In soil from Alšar content of As is 5376 mg/kg. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) and translocation factor (TF) also were determined. Linaria sp. has the highest TF for Tl, Rb and Cs. TF for Tl is: steam/root – 1.39, leaf/root – 7.54, and flower/root – 1.52. TF for Rb and Cs is 1.0 and 4.4 leaf/root, respectively. BAC has the highest value for Tl steam/soil – 10.19, leaf/soil – 55.45 and flower/soil – 11.16. BCF is the highest for Tl root/soil – 7.35. Moricandia sp. has TF values > 1, in leaf/root for Cr (1.44), Co (1.01), As (1.23), Ni (1.0), Rb (2.0), Cs (1.1), Ba (1.0) and Cd (1.2), flower/root for Rb (3.8), Cs (4.5), Cu (1.3) and Cd (1.7). Viola lutea Huds has TF values > 1 in steam/root for Cu (1.57), Zn (1.5), Tl (1.47), Mo (1.1), Sb (2.42) and Cd (1.3), and in leaf/root for Cr (3.04), Co (3.87), Ni (5.86), Zn (1.23), Pb (7.09), Tl (10.63), As (6.21) and Mo (4.48). Moricandia sp. and Viola lutea Huds for BAC and BCF have values < 1. Considering the BCF, BAC and TF values for Linaria sp., this plant for Tl, Cs and Rb possessed the characteristics of hyperaccumulator. Because Linaria sp., Moricandia sp. and Viola lutea Huds from Alšar locality have high TF values, could be useful for phytostabilization of contaminated soils

Soybean phytoremediation of cadmium polluted agricultural soils

Soil pollution with cadmium is a result of the strengthened industrial development, especially in the areas of drilling, exploitation and processing of mineral raw materials. On the territory of the Republic of Macedonia there are several areas with significant higher content of cadmium in the soil, including the vicinity of the mine lead and zinc “Zletovo” near the town of Probištip. Phytoremediation is one of the most convenient techniques for remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of soybean varieties for phytoremediation of agricultural soils with higher content of cadmium. For that purpose, three soybean varieties with short vegetation were used: Pella, Avigea and OW in association with rhyzobacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The total and available content of cadmium were determined in separate parts of the plant (root, stem, leaf, seed and pod). Additionally, physicochemical analyses were conducted for determination soil properties. The analysis showed that varieties Pella and OW had higher potential for phytostabilization/ phytoextraction of cadmium from the soil

Flotation separation of Cd, Co, Cr, CU, Ni and TI from calcium minerals and their determination by inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry

The method of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (lCP-AES), is devel­oped for determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and TI in traces in calcite and gypsum. The interferences of Ca as ma­trix element on Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and TI intensities during their ICP-AES determination are investigated. The results reveal that Ca does not interfere on intensities of Cr, but tends to decrease the intensity of the other elements. To eliminate those matrix interferences of Ca on trace element intensities a flotation separation method is proposed. Lead(II) hexamethylenedithiocarbamate. Pb(HMDTC)2, is applied as a collector for flotation of trace elements from acidic solutions of mineral samples. The most suitable concentrations of calcite and gypsum solutions for flotation are ascertained. The detection limits of ICP-AES method following flotation of elements present in calcite and gypsum as impurities are determined: 0.022 and 0.061 micro g*g^-I for Cd, 0.071 and 0.042 micro g*g^-I for Co, 0.026 and 0.132 micro g*g^-I for Cr, 0.164 and 0.149 micro g*g^-I for Cu, 0.289 and 0.095 micro g*g^-I for Ni and 0.645 and 0.766 micro g*g^-I for TI. respectively

Hidrochemical data for the groundwaters in the Radovis valey on the area between the villages Topolnica and Gorno Zleovo, Republic of Macedonia

To determine the quality of ground water in the Radovis valley on the area between the villages of Gorno Zleovo and Topolnica, single samples were taken from 45 locations, 25 water wells, 6 springs, 2 boreholes and 12 hand pumps. The measured values of pH indicate that water is weakly acidic to neutral (6.5 to 7.6), and the value of TDS, K+, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NH4+ and NO2- indicate possible for contamination of ground water from fertilization on agricultural land as well as communal wastewaters. Knowing the quality of ground water on the investigated area is of particular importance because these springs and water wells are used by residents of this region as water for drinking and irrigation

Total and extractable formsof Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb and Fe in vineyard soil (Valandovo Valley, Macedonia) determined by a sequential extraction procedure

The total and extractable forms of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Fe in vineyard soils from the valley of Valandovo were analyzed in order to understand the existence of metals in soils and their potential availability to the flora and fauna. The content of metals was determined by ICP-EAS analysis, while metal binding was defined with a sequential extraction procedure. The total content of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe and Cr, in almost all soil samples, did not exceed the maximum permissible content (MPC) of trace elements in soils proposed by the New Dutchlist. The only exception was the soil sample R(3), where a higher content was measured especially for Fe, Ni and Cr and to a lesser extent Cu and Zn. Sequential extraction showed that the distribution of metals increased in the order: oxidizable > residual fraction > reducible fraction > exchangeable, water and acid soluble in soil. From this study, it can be concluded that the increased content of heavy metals in the area around the village of Rabrovo can be explained by past mining activities and the partial transfer of heavy metals in the soil. However, the low value in the mobile exchangeable fraction and the physico-chemical characteristics of the studied area indicate a low potential risk to the surrounding environment