Kegagalan Yunani Memanfaatkan Bailout dalam Upaya Mengatasi Krisis Ekonomi Tahun 2008

Most of the Europen countries has been cautiously observing the contraction of the Greek system which is closely tied to their own economies. It has capture the attention of the world and continued to send warning signs to countries about system of the governance and public finance. Thus, the case of the Greek crisis has been an good example of how bad management of public finances, Regional Institutions, and domestic politics condition can lead to an economic catastrophe. This research is aimed to explain the failure of Greece on overcoming the debt crisis and also its failure using the bailout aid from European Union.This research theoretically has built with rasionalism perspectives on International Relations and supported by Complex Interdepence theories, and also the concept of Diplomatic Bailout in International Politcal-economy. Formulation of all arguments, facts, and theoretical framework on this research is guided by qualitative explanation methods. Scope of this research is Greeces Failure applying the bailout aid from European Union on overcoming its economic crisis.Researcher has formulated an answered-hypothesis which reveals the facts that Greece failure is caused by the complexity of the bailout itself. The complexity came from first, high level of financial interest of European Union to overcome its financial stability than the Greece financial interest itself. Second, the domestic politics condition in Greece and the third is the gap between intergovernmental aspects and national sovereignty within Euro-zone States after crisis.Keywords: European Crisis, Greece Debt Crisis, Greece, European Union, Bailout

Three years field trials to assess the effect of kaolin made particles and copper on olive-fruit fly (B.oleae Gmelin) infestations in Sicily

In most countries of Mediterranean Basin, Bactrocera oleae (Gmel), the olive fruit fly, is the key pest insect on olives. In Sicily this pest causes losses of fruits and a poor quality olive oil. Many researchers have recently carried out some field studies which were based on the use of kaolin and copper against the olive-fruit fly. In the last years these products have been effective several times in reducing olive fly infestation. Kaolin had, also, some important effect in reducing heat-stress in fruit crops and olive-trees. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of kaolin and copper treatment on olive infestations in Sicily and to evaluate chemical and sensory parameters of oils extracted. For this reason, within 2003-2005, the IX Servizio of Assessorato Regionale Agricoltura e Foreste, selected some olive groves where to carry out trials with kaolin and copper and to realize information and divulgation activities

Pemberian Bahan Organik Kompos Jerami Padi Dan Abu Sekam Padi Dalam Memperbaiki Sifat Kimian Tanah Ultisol Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung

The Objective of this study is determine the effect of rice straw compost and rice ash on somechemical properties of Ultisol and its effect on the growth of corn plants. The research was done ingauze house and Research and Technology Laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, University of NorthSumatera, Medan from May until July 2013. The study used randomized block design consits of twofactors with three replications. The first factor are rice sraw compost consist of four dosage level(g/5 kg dry oven soil weight) : K0 (0), K1 (25), K2 (50), K3 (75) and the second factore are rice ashconsist of four dosage level (g/5 kg dry oven soil weight) : M0 (0), M1 (10), M2 (20), M3 (30).Theresults showed that the effect of aplication of rice straw compost significantly increased soil Corganic,P-available, plant height, dry weight of a plant, plant N uptake, and plant P uptake but notsignificantly effect the soil pH and N-total of soil, aplication of rice ash significantly increased soilC-organic and plant N uptake but not significantly increased the soil pH, P-available, N-total of soil,plant hight, dry weight plant and plant P uptake

Kebutuhan Fasilitas Pokok Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Lampulo 15 Tahun Mendatang (Main Facility Necessity of Lampulo Coastal Fishing Port for 15 Years for the Future)

Lampulo fishing port located in Banda Aceh. This port categorized as type C. The activity in Lampulo very dense, it is suspected due to inadequate of facilities available at the port. The aims of this study is to determine the projected increase in the production volume of the catch; determine the projected increase in the number of fishing boats; determine the needs of the dock, and harbor, for the current and future needs of 15 years. This research was conducted at the Lampulo fishing port in Banda Aceh by using a case study method. Calculation of the dock and harbour needs presently and in the next 15 years by using statistical data, namely the catch production (1), the number and size of vessel (2), direct measurement of results data objects i.e. jetty length (1), pond depth (2), ships length (3), direct observations data of the research object, namely dock facilities condition (1) port (2), the maximum draft of vessels (3) and the distance between the ship while tethered in the harbour. Based on projections of production, the total production volume in Lampulo reached 14,096 tons in 2027 or increased by 114%, but became decreased in 2028-2029 by 3,6% when compared with the production volume in 2027. The projected number of vessel fleet reached 822 units or an increase of 112% in 2029. Projected increase the size of the dock and the depth of the pool is needed for the next 15 years in the amount of 831m for landing docks and 757m for loading docks. It also required the addition of the port into a vast pool of 224.497 m2 and the depth of the pool minus 3,4 m

Kebijakan Pengelolahan Sumbedaya Air dalam Hubungannya dengan Otonomi Daerah (Studi di propinsi Lampung)

Pengaturan dan pengolahan sumberdaya alam khususnya air dirasakan semakin kompleks dalam era otonomi daerah dan berpotensi menimbulkan konflik antar-daerah otonom apabila tidak dipahami secara komprehensif atau menyeluruh. Secara ekonomi tidak ada satu daerah pun yang mampu mandiri tanpa kerjasama dan saling berinteraksi dengan daerah lainnya. Keterkaitan antar-wilayah baik secara ekonomis ataupun ekologis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perbedaan karakteristik dan potensi sumberdaya yang dimiliki tiap daerah, oleh karena itu pengolahan sumberdaya alam lintas kabupaten/kota harus didasari sebagai konsekuensi alami dari disparitas sumberdaya alam. Pemahaman disparitas potensi sumberdaya dapat dijadikan dasar membangun kerjasama lintas kabupaten/kota yang saling menguntungkan antar-daerah

Karakter Agronomi Dan Hasil Galur Padi Toleran Rendaman

Use of submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar for planting is an important adaptation strategy to reduce yield losses in flood prone rice areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the agronomic characteristics of submergence tolerant rice lines in a controlled environment. Six submergence tolerant rice lines carrying gene Sub1 and their respective susceptible parents were evaluated. Rice cultivars Inpara 3 (tolerance) and IR42 (susceptible) were used as control. All rice genotypes were grown in replicated plots under two different environments, i.e., normal irrigation and 10 days complete submergence at vegetative plant stage. Results showed significant variations among rice genotypes for agronomic characteristics under the two different environments. Under the submergence condition, tolerant rice lines produced higher yields than did their parents, while under normal irrigation they performed comparably to their parents. Three tolerant lines, i.e., BR11-Sub1, Swarna-Sub1, and TDK1-Sub1 produced 5.76, 5.74, and 5.68 t/ha grain yield, respectively, under complete submergence for 10 days. These lines were considered as tolerant to submergence, and need to be tested further in a multi-location yield trial, in the targeted environments

The Behavior of Slab-Column Joints of Reactive Powder Concrete Under Cyclic Load

Experimental work on four specimens of reinforced concrete slab- column connection sub-assemblages using reactive powder concrete (RPC) was conducted. The specimens were subjected to a combination of gravity and cyclic loading. The gravity loading was represented by a number of concrete cubes hung on the slab bottom surface and the cyclic lateral loading was applied on the upper end of the columns. The specimens consisted of two variables, i.e tensile flexural reinforcement ratio (0.65% and 1.8%) and slab span (2.0 m and 3.0 m). Shear reinforcement was not used in the slab. The displacement history consisted of three repeated cycles, starting from 0.07 to 5.00 percent drift ratio, covering the elastic and the inelastic response of the specimens. The RPC mixture proportion for the specimen's material was developed using local materials and normal concrete technology methods. The average RPC compression tests results were 136.0 MPa at 28 days and 141.0 MPa at the time of the first specimen, tested at 56 days. The tests results showed that up to 5.0 percent drift all specimens had stable hysteresis loops without any significant degradation of strength and stiffness. The specimen with a larger tensile flexural reinforcement ratio developed more strength, stiffness and energy dissipation

Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 (DSM 33828) Cell-Free Supernatant and Vitamin D Improve Wound Healing and Reduce Interleukin-6 Production in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Human Keratinocytes

Methicillin-resistant biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. are found in about 25% of the overall cases of chronic wounds, which can undergo malignant degeneration and be associated with skin cancer. Although antimicrobial agents are clinically used to counteract pathogens and promote wound healing, they are increasingly ineffective against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, they can induce dysbiosis, which favors opportunistic pathogen infections and alters immune responses. Consequently, research on pathogen containment strategies is crucial. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 cell-free supernatant (CFS) and vitamin D, as single treatments or in combination, on cell viability, wound healing, and the pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of a Staphylococcus aureus-infected human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in vitro model. The analysis showed that LJO02 CFS 20% v/v ratio and 100 nM vitamin D promoted infected cell viability and wound healing and significantly reduced IL-6 production. However, their effect was not synergic, since no significant difference between the single and combined treatments was observed. LJO02 CFS topic application and vitamin D supplementation could provide a valuable strategy for attenuating S. aureus-induced pathogenesis, promoting wound healing and opening new therapeutic strategies supporting the conventional approaches