Peripheral arterial disease affects ground reaction forces during walking

Objective: Claudication is the most common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), producing significant ambulatory compromise. The gait of claudicating patients has been evaluated using primarily temporal and spatial parameters. With the present study, we used advanced biomechanical measures to further delineate the ambulatory impairment of claudicating patients. We hypothesized that the claudicating legs of PAD patients have an altered kinetic gait pattern compared with normal legs from control subjects. Methods: Ambulation kinetics (ground reaction forces) were evaluated in claudicating patients and compared with age-matched healthy controls. Forces were analyzed in the vertical, anterior–posterior, and medial–lateral directions. Time from heel touch-down to toe-off (stance time) and time spent in double-limb support were also evaluated. Results: The study recruited 14 PAD patients (age, 58 ± 3.4 years; weight, 80.99 ± 15.64 kg) with femoropopliteal occlusive disease (ankle-brachial index [ABI], 0.56 ± 0.03) and five controls (age, 53 ± 3.4 years; weight, 87.38 ± 12.75 kg; ABI, ≥1.00). Vertical force curve evaluation demonstrated significant flattening in claudicating patients resulting in a lower and less fluctuant center of mass when ambulating. In the anterior–posterior direction, claudicating patients demonstrated significantly decreased propulsion forces. In the medial–lateral direction, they had significantly increased forces consistent with wider steps and an inability to swing their legs straight through. Claudicating patients demonstrated a greater stance time and time in double limb support compared with healthy controls. Most importantly, gait abnormalities were present before the onset of claudication, with gait worsening after the onset of claudication. Conclusion: Claudicating patients demonstrate significant gait impairments that are present even before they experience any limb discomfort. These alterations may make them feel more stable and secure while attempting to minimize use of the affected limb. Advanced biomechanical analysis, using ambulation kinetics, permits objective and quantitative evaluation of the gait of claudicating patients. Such evaluation may point to new rehabilitation strategies and provide objective measurement of functional outcomes after medical and surgical therapy

Modelling of factors' influence on technical efficiency of enterprises according to their form of ownership

This paper is dedicated to the research of Russian enterprises' productivity according to their form of ownership: Russian (RO), Foreign (FO) and Join (JO). We investigated the financial and economic indicators for 386 Russian enterprises, which produce machines and equipment in conditions of unstable economy (2012-2016). We utilized DEA method, which classifies object as effective if it has the biggest output with the smallest inputs, for evaluation of enterprises' technical efficiency (TE). Afterwards, dependencies between TE performance and main economic indicators were highlighted. Hence, based on these detected dependencies, we gave recommendation for improving technical efficiency of enterprises for each type of ownership

Mechanical properties of cancellous bone from the acetabulum in relation to acetabular shell fixation and compared with the corresponding femoral head

Acknowledgments We thank Phil Jackson for help sourcing donated cadavers and transportation of samples and Dr. F.R. Saunders for help with core preparation and advice. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Peer reviewedPostprin

Изучение агрегации наночастиц меди в водных суспензиях для прогнозирования ее влияния на корнеобразование высших растений

Целью выпускной квалификационной работы является определение влияния размера наночастиц меди и состава среды на степень агрегации наночастиц меди в водных суспензиях для прогнозирования их влияния на корнеобразование высших растений. В работе показано влияние размера электровзрывных наночастиц Cu (50, 100 и 200 нм), времени УЗ обработки и состава дисперсионной среды на дисперсионные свойства суспензий с применением методов лазерной дифракции и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Сделан прогноз влияния суспензий наночастиц на корнеобразование растений. Экономическая значимость работы заключается в прогнозировании влияния наночастиц Cu и Zn на корнеобразование растений и возможности применения этих данных в сельском хозяйстве.The purpose of the final qualification work is to determine the effect of the size of copper nanoparticles and the composition of the medium on the degree of aggregation of copper nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions to predict their effect on the root formation of higher plants. The paper shows the effect of the size of electroexplosive Cu nanoparticles (50, 100, and 200 nm), the time of ultrasonic treatment and the composition of the dispersion medium on the dispersion roperties of suspensions using laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A forecast of the effect of nanoparticle suspensions on plant root formation has been made. The economic significance of the work lies in predicting the impact Cu and Zn nanoparticles on plant root formation and the possibility of using these data in agricultur

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