Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: a 3 year review at a tertiary care hospital in Vindhya region of India

Background: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), although rare in modern obstetric, still performed as lifesaving surgical procedure to control haemorrhage that is unresponsive to conservative treatment. The objective of this study was to review the incidence, indications, and predisposing factors and associated complications of EPH.Methods: The present study is a retrospective study included 37 women who underwent EPH over a period of 3 year. The records were collected from medical record department.Results: 37 patients underwent EPH during this period making an incidence of 1.1 per 1000 deliveries. Most common indication of EPH in present study was morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) seen in 19 cases (51.4%). 36 patients (97.4%) patient underwent cesarean section at the time of their index pregnancy and 25 out of 37 (67.6%) patient had undergone prior cesarean delivery. 20 (54%) patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and 17 (46%) patients underwent subtotal hysterectomy (STH). Mean operative time, estimated blood loss, injury to urinary tract, febrile illness and duration of hospital stay was higher in TAH group as compared to STH group but difference was not statistically significant except for estimated blood loss. Maternal mortality was seen in 20% of cases and neonatal mortality was seen in 56.8% of cases.Conclusions: EPH although lifesaving but have devastating consequences. EPH should be performed with a multidisciplinary team approach. Measures should be taken to reduce caesarean section rate

Shorter effective lifespan in laboratory populations of D. melanogaster might reduce sexual selection

The role of sexual selection in mediating levels of sexual conflict has been demonstrated in many experimental evolution studies on Drosophila spp. where competition among males for mating was the target of selection. Sexual selection has also been shown to affect the evolution of life-histories. However, the influence of divergent life-histories on reproductive strategies and, therefore, sexual selection and possibly sexual conflict has been less well studied. We examined D. melanogaster populations selected for a short development time and early age at reproduction for changes in reproductive behavior and traits that are proxies of sexual selection. We report a large reduction in reproductive competition experienced by the males of these populations, compared to ancestral populations that are not consciously selected for rapid development or early reproduction, potentially leading to reduced sexual selection. We show that rapidly developing and early reproducing populations have very low levels of mating in their lifetime (females are more or less monandrous), low courtship levels, shorter copulation duration, and longer time from eclosion to first mating, compared to the controls. These results are discussed in the context of the previously demonstrated reduction of inter-locus sexual conflict in these populations. We show that life-history strategies might have a large and significant impact on sexual selection, with each influencing the other and contributing to the complexities of adaptation. Significance statement Sexual conflict, often manifested as an arms-race between males and females trying to enhance their own reproductive success at some cost to the other, is of great evolutionary interest because it can maintain genetic variation in populations, prevent the independent optimization of male and female traits, and also promote speciation. Sexual selection, or variation in mating success, is well known to affect levels of sexual conflict. However, it is not so clear whether, and how, the regular evolution of life-histories also affects sexual selection. Here, we show that life-history evolution in fruit fly populations selected for traits not directly related to sexual conflict might, nevertheless, mediate the possible evolution of altered sexual conflict levels through effects on sexual selection. Populations that evolved to develop to adulthood fast, and reproduce relatively early in life, are shown to potentially experience less sexual selection, which can explain the low sexual conflict levels earlier observed in them.Funding Agencies|Linkoping University; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchDepartment of Science &amp; Technology (India); Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) JC Bose fellowship; JNCASR</p

Assessment of potentially malignant disorders among men and women in South Bihar population

Oral cancer is detected in 270,000 people per annum or around 3% of all malignancies. It ranks sixth among males and twelve among females in terms of prevalence. Mostly, all oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are responsible for 92–95% of cases. Oral carcinoma starts five years before the average age of PMD patients, who range in age from 5th to 6th decade of life. Thus, the goal of this study is to identify any relevant risk factors and assess the incidence of oral possibly malignant disorders in both men and women living in rural Bhojpur District, Bihar. A cross-sectional study has been carried out at the Sadar Hospital in Bhojpur by surveying volunteers at various oral health screening and treatment camps held from January 2022 to July 2022. A pre-validated questionnaire adapted and modified from Kumar S et al. was utilized to collect data in a qualitative interview. It was discovered that (17%) of all people had an oral possibly malignant disease. OSMF was the lesion with the greatest prevalence (7%) and lichen planus having the smallest prevalence (1%). Malignancy frequently develops from oral potential malignant diseases. Diabetes and BMI were inversely related, which is expected provided the socioeconomic position