Mixing of scalar and tensor metric perturbations

Metric perturbations in General Relativity are usually separated into three distinct classes: scalar, vector, and tensor. In many cases these modes are separable, i.e. they satisfy independent equations of motion for each mode. However, in the present paper we argue that in many cases tensor and scalar modes are not separable, no matter what gauge conditions are chosen. The propagation of any of these mode depends on the other. A realistic example providing such mixing is presented.Comment: 10 page

On Determinants of Euro-Dollar Rates : An Empirical Study by DOLS

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York. Characteristics of the wave disturbances of the ionospheric electron number density were measured using the Kharkov incoherent scatter radar. The disturbance generation accompanied the SURA heating of the near-Earth plasma by high-power periodic radiation. The distance between the heater and the radar was about 960 km. The possibility of generating ionospheric wave disturbances with a period of 20 to 30 min in the internal gravity wave range was confirmed. The disturbance propagation velocity was near 320–400 m/s, and the relative amplitude of the electron density variation was 1–10%. The wave disturbances appeared in the altitude range 145–235 km. Aperiodic bursts of the electron number density with a relative amplitude of up to 5–10% were detected after the first switch-ons of periodic radiation in the 30-min heating — 30-min pause regime at altitudes of 145 to 310 km. The observation results generally conform to the synchronous observation data obtained using the Kharkov vertical-sounding Doppler radar and a network of ionosondes

On graviton propagation in curved space-time background

Equation describing propagation of gravitational waves (GW) over arbitrary curved space-time background is analyzed. A new term, which is absent in the conventional homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann cosmology, is found. Some examples of realistic metric, where this new term manifests itself, are presented. Possible implications to very low frequency GW are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 page

The effect of dry friction forces on the process of dielectric wafer grinding

We have investigated possible motions of the holder on top of the polishing pad during the process of dielectric plate grinding taking into account the forces of dry friction about its axis. A mathematical model of the mechanical device has been elaborated to describe the process of dielectric wafer grinding. The model is in the form of a non-autonomous nonlinear system with a variable structure. The structure of the phase space of the dynamical system was investigated, the qualitative studies of the possible motion modes were carried out. The values of the geometrical and dynamic parameters that qualitatively and quantitatively influence the modes of the holder motion were obtained. It was found that the inclusion of dry friction forces on the axis of the free holder result in a periodic motion of the mechanism with long stops. We present the calculations of the parameters for the type 3PD-320 machine

Impact of self-regulation methods on the psycho-emotional state of future teachers

The authors remark the necessity to develop the psycho-emotional self-assessment and self-regulation capability of future teachers during the period of vocational training at the university. The training program on the development of students' psycho-emotional self-regulation is presented. The possibility of training practice on behavior and activity self-regulation development as one of the phenomena of a person’s mental life is investigated via methods of questioning, operational control of neuropsychic activity (electrocutaneous resistance), and the Luscher tes

Observations of the ionospheric wave disturbances using the Kharkov incoherent scatter radar upon RF heating of the near-earth plasma

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York. Characteristics of the wave disturbances of the ionospheric electron number density were measured using the Kharkov incoherent scatter radar. The disturbance generation accompanied the SURA heating of the near-Earth plasma by high-power periodic radiation. The distance between the heater and the radar was about 960 km. The possibility of generating ionospheric wave disturbances with a period of 20 to 30 min in the internal gravity wave range was confirmed. The disturbance propagation velocity was near 320–400 m/s, and the relative amplitude of the electron density variation was 1–10%. The wave disturbances appeared in the altitude range 145–235 km. Aperiodic bursts of the electron number density with a relative amplitude of up to 5–10% were detected after the first switch-ons of periodic radiation in the 30-min heating — 30-min pause regime at altitudes of 145 to 310 km. The observation results generally conform to the synchronous observation data obtained using the Kharkov vertical-sounding Doppler radar and a network of ionosondes

Дослідження органічних кислот у сировині амброзії полинолистої

Introduction. Organic acids are a prospective group of biologically active compounds of natural origin. Organic acids show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial activity, as well as take part in metabolic processes and improve the state of intestinal microflora. The data on the organic acids of common ragweed are rather limited, thus the research upon this group of biologically active compounds in common ragweed plant material is of great current interest.The aim of the study – to learnthe organic acids in common ragweed plant material by the vegetation stages of the plant.Research Methods. The study of organic acids was carried out using gas chromatography in common ragweed leaves and roots, collected in the vegetation phase, beginning of flower-bud formation and fruiting phase.Results and Discussion. Citric (4769.3 mg/kg) and oxalic (2046.8 mg/kg) acids were found in the highest quantity in common ragweed leaves in the vegetation stage, in the roots – fumaric (2580.9 mg/kg) andcitric (782.3 mg/kg) acids. In the leaves at the beginning of flower-bud formation oxalic (1374.4 mg/kg) andcitric (813.0 mg/kg) acids prevailed, and in the roots at the same stage – citric (1705.1 mg/kg) andmalic (1399.5 mg/kg) acids. In the leaves pre-readied at the fruiting phase citric (2879.4 mg/kg) andoxalic (513.5 mg/kg) acids dominated. Such organic acids as fumaric (242.2 mg/kg) andmalic (186.7 mg/kg) prevailed in the roots at the fruiting phase.Conclusions. Organic acids in common ragweed leaves and roots, collected in the vegetation phase, beginning of flower-bud formation and fruiting phase, were studied using gas chromatography. Aliphatic carboxylic acids, in particular, citric, oxalic, malonic, fumaric and malic acids, quantitatively dominated in the plant material. The highest content of organic acids was determined in the leaves collected during the vegetation phase. The results obtained allow expecting antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of herbal medicines on the basis of common ragweed plant material.Вступление. Перспективной группой биологически активных веществ растительного происхождения являются органические кислоты. Органические кислоты проявляют противомикробную, антиоксидантную, гепатозащитную, антибактериальную активность, также они участвуют в обмене веществ и улучшают состояние микрофлоры кишечника.В литературе достаточно ограничены сведения относительно органических кислот амброзии полыннолистной, поэтому исследование этой группы биологически активных веществ в сырье амброзии было актуальным.Цель исследования – изучить органические кислоты в сырье амброзии полыннолистной в разные фазы развития растения.Методы исследования. Исследование органических кислот проводили методом газовой хроматографии в листьях и корнях амброзии полыннолистной, заготовленных в фазе вегетации, в начале бутонизации и фазе плодоношения.Результаты и обсуждение. В листьях амброзии полыннолистной, заготовленных в фазе вегетации, в наибольшем количестве содержались лимонная (4769,3 мг/кг) и оксалатная (2046,8 мг/кг) кислоты, в корнях этой фазы – фумаровая (2580,9 мг/кг) и лимонная (782,3 мг/кг).В листьях, заготовленных в начале бутонизации, по содержанию превалировали оксалатная (1374,4 мг/кг) и лимонная (813,0 мг/кг) кислоты, в корнях этой фазы – лимонная (1705,1 мг/кг) и яблочная (1399,5 мг/кг).В листьях, заготовленных в фазе плодоношения, доминировали лимонная (2879,4 мг/кг) и оксалатная (513,5 мг/кг) кислоты, в корнях этой фазы по содержанию преобладали, фумаровая (242,2 мг/кг) и яблочная (186,7 мг/кг) органические кислоты.Выводы. Методом газовой хроматографии были исследованы органические кислоты в листьях и корнях амброзии полыннолистной, которые были заготовлены в фазе вегетации, в начале бутонизации и в фазе плодоношения. В изучаемом сырье по содержанию преобладали алифатические карбоновые кислоты, в частности лимонная, оксалатная, малоновая, фумаровая и яблочная. Наибольшее содержание органических кислот было определено в листьях, заготовленных в фазе вегетации. Полученные результаты дают возможность спрогнозировать антиоксидантную и противомикробную активность лекарственных растительных средств на основе сырья амброзии полыннолистной.Вступ. Перспективною групою біологічно активних речовин рослинного походження є органічні кислоти. Органічні кислоти проявляють протизапальну, антиоксидантну, гепатозахисну, протимікробну активність, також вони беруть участь в обміні речовин та покращують стан мікрофлорикишечника. У літературі досить обмежені дані щодо органічних кислот амброзії полинолистої, тому дослідження цієї групи біологічно активних речовин у сировині амброзії було актуальним.Мета дослідження – вивчити органічні кислоти в сировині амброзії полинолистої у різні фази розвитку рослини.Методи дослідження. Дослідження органічних кислот проводили методом газової хроматографії в листі й коренях амброзії полинолистої, заготовлених у фазу вегетації, на початку бутонізації та у фазу плодоношення.Результати й обговорення. У листі амброзії полинолистої, заготовленому у фазу вегетації, в найбільшій кількості було визначено лимонну (4769,3 мг/кг) та оксалатну (2046,8 мг/кг) кислоти, в коренях цієї фази – фумарову (2580,9 мг/кг) і лимонну (782,3 мг/кг). У листі, заготовленому на початку бутонізації,за вмістом превалювали оксалатна (1374,4 мг/кг) і лимонна (813,0 мг/кг) кислоти, в коренях цієї фази – лимонна (1705,1 мг/кг) та яблучна (1399,5 мг/кг). У листі, заготовленому у фазу плодоношення, домінували лимонна (2879,4 мг/кг) та оксалатна (513,5 мг/кг) кислоти,у коренях цієї фази за вмістом переважали, фумарова (242,2 мг/кг) та яблучна (186,7 мг/кг) органічні кислоти.Висновки. Методом газової хроматографії було досліджено органічні кислоти в листі й коренях амброзії полинолистої, заготовлених у фазу вегетації, на початку бутонізації та у фазу плодоношення. У досліджуваній сировині за вмістом домінували аліфатичні карбонові кислоти, зокрема лимонна, оксалатна, малонова, фумарова та яблучна. Найбільший вміст органічних кислот було визначено в листі, заготовленому у фазу вегетації. Одержані результати дають змогу спрогнозувати антиоксидантну та протимікробну активність лікарських рослинних засобів на основі сировини амброзії полинолистої

Socialization-individualization of preschool children with speech disorders in motor activity

The purpose of the present research was to deal with the problems of integral socialization-individualization of preschoolers of over five years old with speech disorders in motor activity. The study engaged 100 older preschoolers with a normal level of speech development and 100 over-five group with speech disorders attending compensatory and combined groups of preschool educational organizations in Belgoro

Educational and physical challenges of senior preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders

The aim of the study is to analyze the educational and physical challenges of senior preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. The research material is the test results of 17 senior preschoolers with ASD (14 boys and three girls) attending compensatory and combined groups of preschool educational institutions No. 12 and 15 in Belgorodcoordination of movement

Quantitative determination of methanol and propanol-2 in tinctures and extracts using head-space gas chromatography in comparison with method of vaporization of liquid in GC inlet

The aim of this work was to compare sensitivity of methods for determination of methanol and propanol-2 contents in tinctures and extracts. Materials and methods. Two methods suggested in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for determination of the above mentioned compounds in liquid medicines were used, specifically: head-space gas-chromatography (method A) and classic gas chromatography (method B) with common injection technique. The research was conducted on one of the most popular medicinal products based on ethanol extracts of herbal drugs: echinacea (Tinctura Echinaceae), hawthorn (Tinctura Crataegi), and motherwort tinctures (Tinctura Leonuri). All medicines used were manufactured at pharmaceutical factory “VIOLA” (Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine). Substance analysis was held on gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B (USA) coupled to head – space sampler DANI HSS 86.50 Plus (Italy). Compounds were separated on J&W Agilent DB-624 (USA) column. In the study quantitative contents of methanol and propanol-2 were evaluated in tinctures and extracts using methods of head – space gas chromatography and liquid evaporation in the GC inlet (common injection technique), sensitivities of both methods were compared due to signal-to-noise levels. Statistical parameters of the obtained results were assessed (average, error, variance). Results. The results demonstrated that methanol and propanol-2 contents in tinctures did not exceed the limit value, which is set to 0.05 %. However, it was showed that classic gas chromatography is not able to give information about amounts of propanol-2 in substances, while head-space chromatography has determined concentration of this compound in all examined tinctures. It was determined that head-space GC has higher signal-to-noise levels. Conclusions. Considering all shown results and their discussion, it was concluded that method of head – space GC is more sensitive for determination of volatile impurities in liquid medicinal products than classic gas chromatography with common injection technique