Clinical Evaluation Of The Periodontal Condition During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

Throughout orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene is particularly important and must be rigorously controlled throughout therapeutic act. The aim of our clinical study was to examine the periodontal status of patients before, during and after orthodontic appliances are used. 50 patients were selected, plaque index, gingival index, modified papillae bleeding index and clinical probing depth was evaluated on anchorage teeth, separately those with orthodontic bands and tubes. One of the most common findings during this kind of treatment is gingival alteration in the posterior region. Our practical observations showed a different status of these alterations at patients wearing bands on the anchorage teeth versus those with buccal tubes. Using some of the indices which describes the periodontal status at adult and adolescent patients, we found out that adolescents present a higher plaque index, and the accumulation of dental plaque is more severe when bands are used in both categories. Another finding, which is very important in everyday practice is that gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decrease one month after debonding

Cephalometric Evaluation Of The Size And Morphology Of Sella Turcica In Different Types Of Malocclusion Among Romanian Subjects

Introduction: The vertical and sagital position of the maxilla and mandible is influenced by the size and the angulation of the cranial base. Sellae turcica is part of the cranial base. It is located in the middle cranial fossa. Thus, the growth and the development of this bony structure are influenced by neural and general skeletal pattern as well. Cephalometric analysis is an important part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. From numerous cephalometric landmarks, the S- sellae point is commonly used to describe the cranial base. Also, it is used to evaluate other bony structures’ position towards it. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shape and the dimension of the sellae turcica in different types of malocclusions. Materials and Methods: 136 randomly selected lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. Also, skeletal and facial pattern was identified and the shape and sagital dimension of the sellae was measured. Results: Statistical analysis presented no significancy regarding sellae’s shape in different types of malocclusion. However, the skeletal class II cases presented the most anarchic sellae shapes. Comparing linear measurements of skeletal length and sellae diameter, we found that the smallest diameter of the sellae appears in class III malocclusions. Thus, other skeletal length presents the lowest mean values also. Statistically significant differences among maxillary, mandibular, and cranial base length and sellae diameter were found in class I malocclusion (p=0.013). Conclusions: Sella morphology appears to have certain correlation with cranial and jaw base length and jaw base relationship in skeletal Class I Romanian populatio

Influence Of Orthodontic Treatment On Gingival Condition

Aim of the study was to evaluate gingival modifications occuring in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Materials and methods. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, in study were included 60 patients (35 girls and 25 boys). Mean age was 13.1 years for girls and 12.8 years for boys. Treatment period was 19.2 months for the upper arch and 21.3 months for the lower arch. There were taken 2 types of measurements ː plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), before, during and after treatment. Results. During orthodontic treatment buccal GI was 1.35 ± 0.32 and interpoximal GI was 1.75 ± 0.25. PI was 0.85 ± 0.28. After the appliances were removed, buccal GI was 1.44 ± 0.37, inteproximal GI 1.86 ± 0.22 and PI 1.01 ± 0.29. When PI and GI were measured in individual teeth it was found a statistical correlation in the measured values (p≤0.05). Conclusions. Based on these results we conclude that gingival modifications occur during orthodontic treatment. The most important changes are in the lower arch in molar area. After the treatment is finished, the situations come back in normal parameters

Examination Of Teeth Eruption In The Support Area Of The Romanian Subjects

The aim of this study was to find out how many of the orthodontic patients had problems with the support area and if these could be identified and treated before any complications could occur; and also how the eruption process in the support area is influenced by these modifications. Materials and Methods: In this study, 62 patients, 34 girls (mean age: 10.03 years), and 28 boys (mean age: 9.67 years) were sampled from those who were prepared for treatment at the Orthodontic Department. Their panormaic radiographs were analyzed, especially the support area and the sequence of eruption of canine and bicuspids. Results: 56% of female and 43% of male subjects had an intact support area, while the rest showed modifications. 61% from patients with a good support area showed a normal sequence of eruption. However, when the second group was analyzed, 90% of them presented a modified sequence of eruption. In the first group in 84% of situations, even the second molar erupted normally, but, in the second group, 68% of the patients showed a modified sequence. Conclusion: Half of the investigated subjects showed some modifications in the support area. The number of male subjects with this situation is higher than that of the female subjects. When the support area develops normally, the sequence of eruption of permanent teeth is not modified, but, in those subjects who showed a changed support area, even the sequence of eruption was changed. In the same way, we can conclude about the sequence of eruption of the second molar: if the support area is normal, it will erupt after the second premolar; but if otherwise, some changes will occur in the process of eruption

The Influence Of Orthodontic Treatment On Dental Pulp Response To Sensitivity Tests

Aim of our study. To evaluate the difference between sensory detection threshold reactions of teeth under orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, determined by electrical and thermal pulp testing. Material and methods. After a selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 patients with a mean age of 19,3+/- 3,6 years old who presented to the Center for Integrated Dental Medicine of the Faculty of Dental Medicine from Târgu Mureș for orthodontic treatment had been included in this study. The reactions to thermal and electrical pulp testing were measured at baseline, after 8 weeks of treatment and during the contention period. Results. The application of orthodontic force immediately increased the response threshold which peaked after 8 weeks. Conclusions. Based on these results we conclude that dental specialists should interpret with caution the results of electric pulp testing in teeth under orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances as the cold tests with ethyl chloride are more reliable

The Prevalence of Oral Leukoplakia: Results From a Romanian Medical Center

The aim of our study is to measure the prevalence of oral leukoplakia in a selected population group in association with variables as gender, age, smoking and alcohol intake. The mucosal lesions were diagnosed and classified according to internationally accepted criteria. Results showed that the majority of oral leukoplakia belonged to homogenous type and only o few were non-homogenous, with a prevalence of 3.32% 1.10% respectively, a difference that was statistically significant. The most frequent location of oral leukoplakia was the oral mucosa of the cheek, lower lip, tongue and floor of the oral cavity. Our conclusion was that oral leukoplakia occurred more frequently in men over the age of 45 and smoking and alcohol abuse were positive correlated factors

Root Length Changes in Orthodontically Displaced Teeth Treated with the Corticotomy Approach

The aim of the study: Corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics is a modern approach to resolve complicated orthodontic cases that may increase the pace of tooth movement. The study's goal was to assess the changes that occurred at the root level following orthodontic treatment when corticotomy was used. Material and methods: Based on Cone Beam Computer Tomography, measurements of the root length at T0 (before corticotomy) and T1 (after corticotomy) were taken after splitting the individuals into two groups (maxillary and mandibular corticotomy) (6 months after surgery). For statistical analysis of the data, many tests were utilized. Results: The root length values obtained at T1 showed minimal changes in length, with statistically insignificant values (for the maxillary arch, the values obtained were 13.36 ± 2.41 mm for women and 14.26 ± 2.06 mm for men; for the lower arch, the measured values were 12.38 ± 2.09 mm for women and 11.56 ± 2.29 mm for men). The canine on the left hemiarcade had the most significant change in root length following treatment, with a value assessed at T1 of 16.72 ± 1.78 mm, which was statistically significant, p 0.05. Conclusion: According to the data obtained in this study, when orthodontic therapy is associated with corticotomy, there is a decrease in root resorption that may occur in the case of conventional orthodontic treatments

Orthodontic tooth movement with and without corticotomy – A study realized on animal model

Orthodontic treatment of dento-maxillary anomalies is a common therapeutic intervention, with a growing number of pediatric and adult patients requiring it [1]. The raising understanding of the need for this treatment option has led to a shift in the addressability of various social groups, leading to an increase in adult patients' interest [2]. Orthodontic treatment in adult patient is more dificult because the bone remodeling is hard to do and thereis not growing process. Cortiotomy consists of milling the alveolar bone, the vestibular board, in order to create small labor in which the dental displacement following the application of orthodontic force will be faster. The corticotomy is performed in local anesthesia, with bone cutters, under continuous cooling with saline. Orthodontic treatment in adult patient is more difficult because the bone remodeling is hard to do and thereis not growing process [3]. Filho et al. said that the introduction of this technique of corticotomy makes it possible to solve complex cases while providing an alternative to the classical approach, eliminating a number of inventients, such as dental extractions [4]. Despite the many benefits it can bring when it is integrated into orthodontic therapy to correct various dento-maxillary changes, the corticotomy is still regarded with some reluctance by orthodontists. Reitan et al. (2015) consider that the main reason is that the intervention is expensive and some consider it invasive [5]. In a similar study, Bos et al. (2005) points out that even for patients, the high costs of such an intervention can lead to its refusal, with the risk of obtaining results at the end of less satisfactory orthodontic treatment [1]. Dab et al. (2007) states that there is a direct link between the degree of dental displacement induced by the corticotomy and the type of dento-maxillary anomaly that needs to be corrected, but also the time of orthodontic treatment in which the surgery is performed [6]. Further experimental studies are also needed to understand in more detail the biological mechanisms and transformations that occur at the intervention level

Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies

Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased

Apical Root Resorption After Orthodontic Treatment

Aim of the studyː to find if apical root resorption is related to orthodontic treatment time, type of appliance used and which are the most susceptible teeth to develop this type of resorption. Material and methodsː 70 patients (27 males and 43 females) selected from patients reffered for an orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Department of Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from TirguMures. The mean age at the beginning of treatment was 15.11 years for males and 14.67 years for females subjects. At the end of treatment, on their panormaic radiographs it was measured apical root resorption on incisors, premolars and molars in the upper and lower arch. Resultsː Root resorption was significantly (p< 0.05) correlated with fixed appliance treatment (49 percent). Patients with the longest treatment periods presented with significantly (p<0.05) more grade 2 resorptionː 28 months (± 2.6 SD) in the upper arch and 30 months (± 3.2 SD) in the lower arch. In the patients with the lowest treatment period (16 months in the maxilla and 18 months in the mandible arch) it was found no resorption. In the upper arch most of the patients (22.22 % males and 18.6% females) showed a grade 2 resorption in the incisor area. Root resorption of the premolars was seen in 18.5% of the male patients (7.4% with grade 2 ) and in 16.26 % of the female patients (6.97 with grade 2). Conclusionsː There is a high correlation between the orthodontic treatment time and apical root resorption. Most exposed to this process are incisors from bot, upper and lower arch. Less resorption was noticed in the premolar area