En las fronteras de la ciudadanía. Situación de las personas sin hogar y en riesgo de exclusión social en Madrid

El libro se ha concebido como una herramienta que permita disponer de información contrastada de utilidad para el trabajo de gestores de políticas públicas, trabajadores y gestores de los recursos de atención social, académicos y cualquier otra personas interesada en la situación y circunstancias que rodean a las personas que se encuentran en situación sin hogar y/o en riesgo de exclusión social. En él se pretende aportar una visión actualizada de la situación de estos colectivos en Madrid, analizando las diferencias existentes entre ambos y tratando de detectar los cambios en sus perfiles y necesidades que pudieran haberse producido a lo largo de la última década

Cronicidad y pseudoherencia de la exclusión social: diferencias en función de la pobreza de la familia de origen entre recolectores de basura en León (Nicaragua)

Incluye traducción realizada por el autorPeople in a situation of extreme poverty and/or social exclusion mainly come from poor families and their social difficulties tend to become chronic. This situation that appears to be especially pronounced in countries with lower levels of development. This paper analyzes different aspects of people (n = 99) who make their living collecting trash from dumps in León (Nicaragua), one of the countries with the lowest levels of development in Latin America. This group is difficult to access, heavily stigmatized, lives in chronic and extreme poverty and their families of origin were also poor. The results show that the pickers in León whose families of origin were poorest had the highest illiteracy rates, were in poorest health, had experienced more stressful life events and had poorer future expectations. Negative health and life circumstances, low levels of education and fatalism may lead to the pickers' situation of social exclusion becoming chronic.Las personas que se encuentran en situación de pobreza extrema o exclusión social proceden mayoritariamente de familias pobres y tienden en a cronificarse en su situación de dificultad social, circunstancia que parece especialmente acentuada en los países con menores niveles de desarrollo. El trabajo analiza diferentes aspectos relativos a las personas (n=99) que obtienen su sustento en los basureros de León (Nicaragua), uno de los países con menores niveles de desarrollo de Latinoamérica. Se trata de un colectivo de difícil acceso, fuertemente estigmatizado, que vive en situación de extrema pobreza de forma cronificada y cuyas familias de origen ya eran pobres. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los recolectores de León cuyas familias de origen fueron más pobres presentaban mayores tasas de analfabetismo, peores condiciones de salud, habían padecido más sucesos vitales estresantes y tenían peores expectativas de futuro. Las circunstancias vitales y de salud negativas, la baja formación y el fatalismo pueden incidir en la cronificación de los recolectores en su situación de exclusión social

Income and state benefits for women living homeless in Madrid, Spain.

People in a situation of homelessness represent one of the major manifestations of the phenomenon of social exclusion, with women living homeless constituting a collective in a position of particular vulnerability. This article examines a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain (n = 136), their main sources of income, and their access to economic benefits from the government. It also analyzes the differences between participants based on whether they are in receipt of such benefits. A structured interview was used to gather the information. The results show the difficulties experienced by women living homeless in Madrid in accessing income and their limited access to state benefits, which amount to such a meager economic sum that they are insufficient to access independent housing. Differences in access to state benefits are examined based on variables such as age, nationality, length of time homeless, substance abuse, and suffering from a disabilit

The influence of political ideology on stereotypes, meta-stereotypes and causal attributions of homelessness in Spain

This article examines the influence of political ideology on meta-stereotypes and stereotypes of homeless people, on the causal attributions of homelessness, and on willingness to increase public funds allocated to homeless people among the members of three groups in Madrid (Spain): a) homeless group; b) domiciled service-users group; and c) domiciled non service-users group. Results show differences in the influence of political ideology based on having had direct experience of homelessness. Left-wing interviewees showed a greater willingness to increase funds allocated to homeless people, attributed homelessness to societal causes to a greater extent, and showed greater agreement with indulgent stereotypes

Mothers living homeless in Madrid (Spain): Characteristics, vulnerabilities and relationships with their children

People in a homeless situation are one of the most obvious embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are a particularly vulnerable group. The article examines some of the differences between women who were mothers and those who had no children in a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain (n = 138). The information was collected using a structured interview. The results show that the women in a homeless situation who were mothers presented extremely difficult life experiences and were a particularly vulnerable subgroup. None of the women in a homeless situation who were mothers lived with their children. The women who were mothers suffered from more chronic homelessness, slept the night in the street more frequently and were in poorer health. Furthermore, throughout their life, the women living homeless who were mothers had experienced more traumatic situations from early ages, with higher levels of psychoactive substance abuse and more problems with the legal system, which could have had a highly negative effect on their relationship and lives with their children. The different circumstances and needs of mothers in a homeless situation require the implementation of prevention and/or treatment approaches aimed at this specific subgroup.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitivida

Actors, observers, and causal attributions of homelessness: Differences in attribution for the causes of homelessness among domiciled and homeless people in Madrid

The study analyzes the differences in causal attributions of homelessness and attributions of responsibility among the members of three groups: Homeless Group, consisting of a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid, Spain (n= 188), Domiciled Service-Users Group, consisting of people at risk of homelessness (n=164), and Domiciled Non Service-Users Group, consisting of people at no imminent risk of homelessness (n=180). The Domiciled Service-Users Group and Domiciled Non Service-Users Group were matched to the Homeless Group for sex, age and nationality. The paper also analyzes homeless people's causal attributions as regards their own situation. The results show that compared to the Domiciled Non Service-Users Group, a higher percentage of members of the Homeless Group and Domiciled Service-Users Group attributed homelessness to individualistic causes, and they blamed homeless people for their situation to a greater extent. The results also show that there was no "actor-observer bias” in causal attributions for homelessness in Madrid

Risk of mental ill-health among homeless women in Madrid (Spain)

Several studies have revealed that homeless people suffering from mental health problems are more vulnerable than homeless without those mental health problems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence describing the real circumstances of homeless women. This paper explores the differences between homeless women at high risk of mental ill-health compared with those who do not present this risk. The sample consisted of a group of 120 homeless women in Madrid (Spain). For this study, we collected data on background information (trajectory of homelessness and stressful life events experienced) and current aspects (living conditions, physical health, and social support). The risk of mental ill-health has been measured by the short version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The results showed that homeless women with higher risk of mental ill-health had become homeless at a younger age, had experienced more stressful life events in their lives, had a poorer physical health, felt less happy, had less social support, and a greater feeling of loneliness when compared with homeless women who did not present risk of mental ill-health. Improving knowledge about the risk of mental ill-health among homeless women is essential for the design of specific psychological interventions within this population.Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain (Ref. FEM2016-75317-R; Ref. PSI2009- 08472; Ref. FEM2012-35053) and Complutense-Santander Back grant (Ref. CT17/17-CT18/17) to SRMMinisterio de Economía, Industria y CompetitividadUniversidad Complutense de Madri

Immigrant women living homeless in Madrid (Spain).

Homeless people are one of the most obvious embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and homeless immigrants and homeless women are considered 2 particularly vulnerable groups. The objective of this article is to analyze the differences between women living homeless born in Spain (nonimmigrants) and those born abroad (immigrants). The study was carried out based on the data obtained from a sample of women living homeless in Madrid (Spain; N = 136). The information was collected using a structured interview. The results show major similarities between immigrant and nonimmigrant homeless women in terms of their basic sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, number of children), their state of health, satisfaction with their family and/or partner relationships, and feelings of loneliness or abandonment. Fewer immigrant women had their documentation in order, they received fewer financial benefits and their contact with their family of origin was more limited. However, the immigrant women became homeless at an older age and were subject to less chronic homelessness, their levels of consumption of alcohol and other psychoactive substances were lower, they had experienced fewer stressful life events, more of them had completed higher education, and more of them used mobile telephones and the Internet. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitivida

Evolution of the accommodation situation among women living homeless in Madrid, Spain: A longitudinal study.

Women constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup of people living homeless, with their own set of circumstances and life histories that are different from men in the same situation. In this paper, we present the results of a longitudinal study on the situation, needs, characteristics, and process of change among women in a homeless situation in Madrid (Spain). This study involved 136 homeless women who were spending the night at shelters, drop-in centers, on the street, or in public spaces. Data was collected through structured interviews conducted every 6 months for a total of 3 years. Throughout that period of time approximately half of the interviewed leaves the most extreme situation of homelessness. One in four interviewees gained access to independent accommodation, although in most cases this did not mean that they were no longer in a position of residential exclusion. The logistic regression analyses performed suggested that the variables with the closest correlation to improved accommodation were: receiving stable government economic benefits, obtaining income from work, not having Spanish nationality, not having a disability and having suffered fewer stressful life events at baseline, as well as a better perceived state of health. However, with regard to access to independent accommodation, the most closely-related variables were receiving stable government economic benefits and obtaining an income from work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved

Happiness among poor women victims of intimate partner violence in Nicaragua

The paper analyzes various aspects of overall happiness expressed by 136 women in poverty who are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nicaragua, a country with low levels of development. The information was gathered using a structured interview. Results obtained show that despite the hardships they face, half of the women in poverty who are victims of IPV say they are happy, and the vast majority are optimistic about their future. The main sources of happiness among the interviewees are in areas outside their economic life, and are mainly associated with social relations