Peran Daya Dukung Wilayah Terhadap Pengembangan USAha Peternakan Sapi Madura

Research conducted on the island of Madura. The aim of the research was analyzed the area-based development of beef cattle in Madura island. Primary research data was sourced from statistics in the Madura district in figures. Data was analyzed using Location Quotient (LQ) method. Data procesing conducted whith spreadsheet from Excel on Microsoft Windows 7. The results showed that the basis for the development of Madura cattle each regency were Pamekasan (sub-district Larangan, Pasean, Batumamar, Palengan, Proppo, Tlanakan, and Pegantenan), Sumenep (sub-district Gayam, Nonggunong and Batuputih), Bangkalan (subdistrict Kokop, Geger, Galis, Tanah Merah, and Blega) and Bangkalan (sub-district Ketapang, Sokobanah, Kedungdung, Sampang, Banyuates, Robatal, and Omben. Conclusion of the research was the development of Madura cattle concentrated in the base region of Madura cattle

CVD Growth of Carbon Nanotube Forest with Selective Wall-Number from Fe–Cu Catalyst

We reported herein the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with selective wall-number using binary Fe–Cu catalysts. High quality single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) forests were predominantly produced with selectivity of ∼92% and ∼85%, respectively. Formation of small catalyst nanoparticles with high areal density and fully reduced state was found key for efficient SWNT growth. Characterization of the catalysts by atomic force microanalysis (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) showed that the introduction of the proper amount of Cu into the Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyzing system inhibited diffusion of Fe NPs and facilitated the full reduction of Fe catalyst, thus facilitating the selective growth of SWNTs. DWNTs were also obtained by introducing a thick layer of Cu catalyst onto Fe/Al₂O₃. Our work provides a rational way for selective growth of vertically aligned SWNTs and DWNTs, whose remarkable electronic and mechanical properties enable their promising application in nanoelectronics devices

Phototriggered Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Photocaged l‑Lysine <i>N</i>‑Carboxyanhydride to Synthesize Hyperbranched and Linear Polypeptides

Increasing efforts are being made on controlled photopolymerization methodologies; however, the previous polymerization systems need additional photoactive initiators or catalysts. The controlled synthesis of the hyperbranched polypeptide is still challenging, and developing a photopolymerization method to prepare a hyperbranched polypeptide is urgent for constructing biodegradable polymers and biomaterials. Without addition of any initiator/catalyst, we combine the inimer (initiator + monomer) ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and photocaged chemistry to prepare hyperbranched and linear polypeptides. The photocaged Nε-(<i>o</i>-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-l-lysine-<i>N</i>-carboxyanhydride possesses intrinsic photosensitivity and will be transformed into an activated AB* inimer-type α-amino acid <i>N</i>-carboxyanhydride (NCA) containing a primary ε-amine, which further triggers ROP to produce linear and/or hyperbranched polypeptides in one pot and at room temperature. The microstructure and topology of the resulting polypeptide were clarified by means of mass spectroscopy and various NMR techniques including ¹H NMR, ¹H, ¹H–COSY, and quantitative ¹³C NMR. By tuning the UV irradiation time or intensity, this methodology can produce a linear polypeptide with a high <i>M</i>_w,GPC of 109 kDa and/or (hyper)­branched counterparts with tunable <i>M</i>_w,GPC’s of 1.4–73.5 kDa and degree of branching of 0.09–0.60

Alkali-Induced Ring-Opening of 2‑Amidodihydrofuran and Manganese-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation Annulation: Access to Functionalized Oxazole

A novel and efficient synthesis of functionalized oxazoles from 2-amidodihydrofurans has been achieved by alkali-induced intramolecular C–O bond cleavage and formation using air as a green oxidant. Moreover, these functionalized oxazoles could be readily transformed into the corresponding oxazole-substituted pyrazoles and 2<i>H</i>-azirines

Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays from Rhodium Catalysts with Unexpected Diameter Uniformity Independent of the Catalyst Size and Growth Temperature

Diameter control in the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays is vital to the control of their properties and their integration into practical devices. Controlling the size of catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) and following a tangential nucleation mode has been shown to be an effective approach to diameter control of SWNTs. The size distribution of SWNTs, however, was much wider than that of the catalyst NPs because of the evolution of catalysts at high growth temperatures. Here, we demonstrate that rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles serve as highly active catalysts for the synthesis of dense and aligned arrays of SWNTs and offer unexpected diameter control via a perpendicular nucleation mode. The diameter distribution of SWNTs grown from the Rh catalysts is much narrower than that from conventional iron and copper catalysts and is independent of the size and shape of the catalyst NPs. More importantly, the Rh catalysts have remarkable catalytic activity at reduced temperatures (<800 °C) and exhibit improved chirality control through a decrease in the growth temperature

Alkali-Induced Ring-Opening of 2‑Amidodihydrofuran and Manganese-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenation Annulation: Access to Functionalized Oxazole

A novel and efficient synthesis of functionalized oxazoles from 2-amidodihydrofurans has been achieved by alkali-induced intramolecular C–O bond cleavage and formation using air as a green oxidant. Moreover, these functionalized oxazoles could be readily transformed into the corresponding oxazole-substituted pyrazoles and 2<i>H</i>-azirines

Table2_Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units measurements for running kinematics in different foot strike pattern runners.docx

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the three-dimensional joint kinematic outcomes obtained by the inertial measurement units (IMUs) for runners with rearfoot strike pattern (RFS) and non-rearfoot strike pattern (NRFS). The IMUs system and optical motion capture system were used to simultaneous collect 3D kinematic of lower extremity joint data from participants running at 12 km/h. The joint angle waveforms showed a high correlation between the two systems after the offset correction in the sagittal plane (NRFS: coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) = 0.924–0.968, root mean square error (RMSE) = 4.6°C–13.7°C; RFS: CMC = 0.930–0.965, RMSE = 3.1°C–7.7°C), but revealed high variability in the frontal and transverse planes (NRFS: CMC = 0.924–0.968, RMSE = 4.6°C–13.7°C; RFS: CMC = 0.930–0.965, RMSE = 3.1°C–7.7°C). The between-rater and between-day reliability were shown to be very good to excellent in the sagittal plane (between-rater: NRFS: CMC = 0.967–0.975, RMSE = 1.9°C–2.9°C, RFS: CMC = 0.922–0.989, RMSE = 1.0°C–2.5°C; between-day: NRFS: CMC = 0.950–0.978, RMSE = 1.6°C–2.7°C, RFS: CMC = 0.920–0.989, RMSE = 1.7°C–2.2°C), whereas the reliability was weak to very good (between-rater: NRFS: CMC = 0.480–0.947, RMSE = 1.1°C–2.7°C, RFS: CMC = 0.646–0.873, RMSE = 0.7°C–2.4°C; between-day: NRFS: CMC = 0.666–0.867, RMSE = 0.7°C–2.8°C, RFS: CMC = 0.321–0.805, RMSE = 0.9°C–5.0°C) in the frontal and transverse planes across all joints in both types of runners. The IMUs system was a feasible tool for measuring lower extremity joint kinematics in the sagittal plane during running, especially for RFS runners. However, the joint kinematics data in frontal and transverse planes derived by the IMUs system need to be used with caution.</p

Table3_Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units measurements for running kinematics in different foot strike pattern runners.docx

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the three-dimensional joint kinematic outcomes obtained by the inertial measurement units (IMUs) for runners with rearfoot strike pattern (RFS) and non-rearfoot strike pattern (NRFS). The IMUs system and optical motion capture system were used to simultaneous collect 3D kinematic of lower extremity joint data from participants running at 12 km/h. The joint angle waveforms showed a high correlation between the two systems after the offset correction in the sagittal plane (NRFS: coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) = 0.924–0.968, root mean square error (RMSE) = 4.6°C–13.7°C; RFS: CMC = 0.930–0.965, RMSE = 3.1°C–7.7°C), but revealed high variability in the frontal and transverse planes (NRFS: CMC = 0.924–0.968, RMSE = 4.6°C–13.7°C; RFS: CMC = 0.930–0.965, RMSE = 3.1°C–7.7°C). The between-rater and between-day reliability were shown to be very good to excellent in the sagittal plane (between-rater: NRFS: CMC = 0.967–0.975, RMSE = 1.9°C–2.9°C, RFS: CMC = 0.922–0.989, RMSE = 1.0°C–2.5°C; between-day: NRFS: CMC = 0.950–0.978, RMSE = 1.6°C–2.7°C, RFS: CMC = 0.920–0.989, RMSE = 1.7°C–2.2°C), whereas the reliability was weak to very good (between-rater: NRFS: CMC = 0.480–0.947, RMSE = 1.1°C–2.7°C, RFS: CMC = 0.646–0.873, RMSE = 0.7°C–2.4°C; between-day: NRFS: CMC = 0.666–0.867, RMSE = 0.7°C–2.8°C, RFS: CMC = 0.321–0.805, RMSE = 0.9°C–5.0°C) in the frontal and transverse planes across all joints in both types of runners. The IMUs system was a feasible tool for measuring lower extremity joint kinematics in the sagittal plane during running, especially for RFS runners. However, the joint kinematics data in frontal and transverse planes derived by the IMUs system need to be used with caution.</p

Table1_Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units measurements for running kinematics in different foot strike pattern runners.docx

This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the three-dimensional joint kinematic outcomes obtained by the inertial measurement units (IMUs) for runners with rearfoot strike pattern (RFS) and non-rearfoot strike pattern (NRFS). The IMUs system and optical motion capture system were used to simultaneous collect 3D kinematic of lower extremity joint data from participants running at 12 km/h. The joint angle waveforms showed a high correlation between the two systems after the offset correction in the sagittal plane (NRFS: coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) = 0.924–0.968, root mean square error (RMSE) = 4.6°C–13.7°C; RFS: CMC = 0.930–0.965, RMSE = 3.1°C–7.7°C), but revealed high variability in the frontal and transverse planes (NRFS: CMC = 0.924–0.968, RMSE = 4.6°C–13.7°C; RFS: CMC = 0.930–0.965, RMSE = 3.1°C–7.7°C). The between-rater and between-day reliability were shown to be very good to excellent in the sagittal plane (between-rater: NRFS: CMC = 0.967–0.975, RMSE = 1.9°C–2.9°C, RFS: CMC = 0.922–0.989, RMSE = 1.0°C–2.5°C; between-day: NRFS: CMC = 0.950–0.978, RMSE = 1.6°C–2.7°C, RFS: CMC = 0.920–0.989, RMSE = 1.7°C–2.2°C), whereas the reliability was weak to very good (between-rater: NRFS: CMC = 0.480–0.947, RMSE = 1.1°C–2.7°C, RFS: CMC = 0.646–0.873, RMSE = 0.7°C–2.4°C; between-day: NRFS: CMC = 0.666–0.867, RMSE = 0.7°C–2.8°C, RFS: CMC = 0.321–0.805, RMSE = 0.9°C–5.0°C) in the frontal and transverse planes across all joints in both types of runners. The IMUs system was a feasible tool for measuring lower extremity joint kinematics in the sagittal plane during running, especially for RFS runners. However, the joint kinematics data in frontal and transverse planes derived by the IMUs system need to be used with caution.</p

Direct Oxidative Coupling of Enamides and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: A Facile and Versatile Approach to Dihydrofurans, Furans, Pyrroles, and Dicarbonyl Enamides

An efficient manganese­(III)-mediated oxidative coupling reaction between α-aryl enamides and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed. A series of dihydrofurans and dicarbonyl enamides were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Moreover, these dihydrofurans could be readily transformed into the corresponding furans and pyrroles via the Paal–Knorr reaction