The Application of Self-evaluation in English Reading Teaching

Self-evaluation is an important part of formative evaluation. Students\u27 self-evaluation can not only enable students to find the problems in their learning and timely understand the weak links in their learning, but also enable teachers to clearly grasp the true ideas of students and implement targeted teaching according to the feedback given by students

Functional plasticity of neutrophils after low- or high-dose irradiation in cancer treatment – A mini review

Over the last several decades, radiotherapy has been considered the primary treatment option for a broad range of cancer types, aimed at prolonging patients’ survival and slowing down tumor regression. However, therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy remain limited, and patients suffer from relapse shortly after radiation. Neutrophils can initiate an immune response to infection by releasing cytokines and chemokines to actively combat pathogens. In tumor immune microenvironment, tumor-derived signals reprogram neutrophils and induce their heterogeneity and functional versatility to promote or inhibit tumor growth. In this review, we present an overview of the typical phenotypes of neutrophils that emerge after exposure to low- and high-dose radiation. These phenotypes hold potential for developing synergistic therapeutic strategies to inhibit immunosuppressive activity and improve the antitumor effects of neutrophils to render radiation therapy as a more effective strategy for cancer patients, through tumor microenvironment modulation

Creating Visible-to-Near-Infrared Mechanoluminescence in Mixed-Anion Compounds SrZn 2 S 2 O and SrZnSO

Abstract(#br)Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials featuring light emission in response to mechanical stimulus have shown promising applications in damage diagnosis, dynamic force detection, and information storage. However, their applications are greatly limited by a very small number of available ML materials as well as unsatisfied ML spectra. In this paper, we developed novel ML materials with intense ML and super-broad visible-to-near-infrared (470-1600 nm) spectra by incorporating lanthanide ions or transition metals into mixed-anion compounds SrZn 2 S 2 O and SrZnSO. These mixed-anion compounds show a linear relationship between ML intensity and applied force, allowing them to be used in non-contact/multi-touch stress sensing. Moreover, the mixed-anion compounds exhibit multiband near-infrared ML enabling a significant bright-field stress sensing approach without the interference of ambient light. This work offers a unique insight for discovering new ML materials and enriching the ML spectral range, thereby promoting their potential applications in stress intelligent sensors, electronic skins, and human-machine interfaces

Bioengineered MSC-derived exosomes in skin wound repair and regeneration

Refractory skin defects such as pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and vascular ulcers represent a challenge for clinicians and researchers in many aspects. The treatment strategies for wound healing have high cost and limited efficacy. To ease the financial and psychological burden on patients, a more effective therapeutic approach is needed to address the chronic wound. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes), the main bioactive extracellular vesicles of the paracrine effect of MSCs, have been proposed as a new potential cell-free approach for wound healing and skin regeneration. The benefits of MSC-exosomes include their ability to promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, increase collagen production, regulate inflammation, and finally improve tissue regenerative capacity. However, poor targeting and easy removability of MSC-exosomes from the wound are major obstacles to their use in clinical therapy. Thus, the concept of bioengineering technology has been introduced to modify exosomes, enabling higher concentrations and construction of particles of greater stability with specific therapeutic capability. The use of biomaterials to load MSC-exosomes may be a promising strategy to concentrate dose, create the desired therapeutic efficacy, and maintain a sustained release effect. The beneficial role of MSC-exosomes in wound healing is been widely accepted; however, the potential of bioengineering-modified MSC-exosomes remains unclear. In this review, we attempt to summarize the therapeutic applications of modified MSC-exosomes in wound healing and skin regeneration. The challenges and prospects of bioengineered MSC-exosomes are also discussed

The application and progress of tissue engineering and biomaterial scaffolds for total auricular reconstruction in microtia

Microtia is a congenital deformity of the ear with an incidence of about 0.8–4.2 per 10,000 births. Total auricular reconstruction is the preferred treatment of microtia at present, and one of the core technologies is the preparation of cartilage scaffolds. Autologous costal cartilage is recognized as the best material source for constructing scaffold platforms. However, costal cartilage harvest can lead to donor-site injuries such as pneumothorax, postoperative pain, chest wall scar and deformity. Therefore, with the need of alternative to autologous cartilage, in vitro and in vivo studies of biomaterial scaffolds and cartilage tissue engineering have gradually become novel research hot points in auricular reconstruction research. Tissue-engineered cartilage possesses obvious advantages including non-rejection, minimally invasive or non-invasive, the potential of large-scale production to ensure sufficient donors and controllable morphology. Exploration and advancements of tissue-engineered cartilaginous framework are also emerging in aspects including three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds, acquisition of seed cells and chondrocytes, 3D printing techniques, inducing factors for chondrogenesis and so on, which has greatly promoted the research process of biomaterial substitute. This review discussed the development, current application and research progress of cartilage tissue engineering in auricular reconstruction, particularly the usage and creation of biomaterial scaffolds. The development and selection of various types of seed cells and inducing factors to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in auricular cartilage were also highlighted. There are still confronted challenges before the clinical application becomes widely available for patients, and its long-term effect remains to be evaluated. We hope to provide guidance for future research directions of biomaterials as an alternative to autologous cartilage in ear reconstruction, and finally benefit the transformation and clinical application of cartilage tissue engineering and biomaterials in microtia treatment

Hybrid Pyramid Convolutional Network for Multiscale Face Detection

Face detection remains a challenging problem due to the high variability of scale and occlusion despite the strong representational power of deep convolutional neural networks and their implicit robustness. To handle hard face detection under extreme circumstances especially tiny faces detection, in this paper, we proposed a multiscale Hybrid Pyramid Convolutional Network (HPCNet), which is a one-stage fully convolutional network. Our HPCNet consists of three newly presented modules: firstly, we designed the Hybrid Dilated Convolution (HDC) module to replace the fully connected layers in VGG16, which enlarges receptive field and reduces its loss of local information; secondly, we constructed the Hybrid Feature Pyramid (HFP) to combine semantic information from higher layers together with details from lower layers; and thirdly, to deal with the problem of occlusion and blurring effectively, we introduced Context Information Extractor (CIE) in HPCNet. In addition, we presented an improved Online Hard Example Mining (OHEM) strategy, which can enhance the average precision of face detection by balancing the number of positive and negative samples. Our method has achieved an accuracy of 0.933, 0.924, and 0.848 on the Easy, Medium, and Hard subset of WIDER FACE, respectively, which surpasses most of the advanced algorithms

Revealing magnetic ground state of a layered cathode material by muon spin relaxation and neutron scattering experiments

Although the majority of studies on battery materials have focused on enhancing their electrochemical performance, the understanding of their magnetic and atomic structures as well as the intimate connections between these structures and properties is significant. Muon spin relaxation (μSR) spectroscopy and neutron scattering techniques at low temperature have been used to explore the nature of the magnetic state of Li(Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2)O2 cathode materials. Interestingly, the μSR experiment reveals that the spins of Ni/Mn/Co ions turn glassy at a low temperature of 19 K, while the unprecedented spin dynamics survives until the base temperature of 5.6 K. Moreover, the complementary neutron scattering measurements show magnetic diffuse scattering signals in the form of a broad peak at Q = 1.6 Å−1 attributed to short-range spin correlation which establishes below ∼120 K. Upon cooling to as low as 480 mK, long-range magnetic order still could not be established. The inelastic neutron scattering intensities demonstrate clearly the existence of dynamic spin fluctuations. In contrast to the conventional spin glass system, the coexistence of both dynamic and static components in the ground state suggests an unconventional spin glass state in magnetically frustrated Li(Ni0.4Mn0.4Co0.2)O2 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries