Effect of natural polymer materials on skin healing based on internal wound microenvironment: a review

The concept of wound microenvironment has been discussed for a long time. However, the mechanism of the internal microenvironment is relatively little studied. Here, we present a systematic discussion on the mechanism of natural polymer materials such as chitosan, cellulose, collagen and hyaluronic acid through their effects on the internal wound microenvironment and regulation of wound healing, in order to more comprehensively explain the concept of wound microenvironment and provide a reference for further innovative clinical for the preparation and application of wound healing agents

Future Atmospheric Rivers and Impacts on Precipitation: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 High‐Resolution Global Warming Experiment

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow synoptic scale weather features important for Earth’s hydrological cycle typically transporting water vapor poleward, delivering precipitation important for local climates. Understanding ARs in a warming climate is problematic because the AR response to climate change is tied to how the feature is defined. The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) provides insights into this problem by comparing 16 atmospheric river detection tools (ARDTs) to a common data set consisting of high resolution climate change simulations from a global atmospheric general circulation model. ARDTs mostly show increases in frequency and intensity, but the scale of the response is largely dependent on algorithmic criteria. Across ARDTs, bulk characteristics suggest intensity and spatial footprint are inversely correlated, and most focus regions experience increases in precipitation volume coming from extreme ARs. The spread of the AR precipitation response under climate change is large and dependent on ARDT selection

Identification and Analysis of Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein Family Genes in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat)

The Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) is one of the “Zhejiang eight flavors” in traditional Chinese medicine. The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) plays an important role in flowering and floral organ development. Even so, the biological role of PEBPs in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum has not been studied, which attracted us. Here, nine CmPEBP genes that contain the PF01161 domain were identified in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum for the first time, and their biological role in flowering was preliminarily studied. A phylogenetic analysis classified the CmPEBP genes into three subfamilies: MFT-like, TFL-like, and FT-like genes. The differential expression analysis was performed under different tissues and different stressors using qRT-PCR. It showed that each CmPEBP displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Expression patterns in response to different temperatures and hormone stressors were investigated. They were finally demonstrated to be differentially expressed. TFL-like gene expression, which delayed reproductive growth, was upregulated under heat stress. Conversely, FT-like gene expression was upregulated under low temperatures. CmFT1 expression could be inhibited by GA (gibberellin), 6-BA (benzylaminopurine), ET (ethylene), and MeSA (methyl salicylate) but could be activated by IAA (indole-3-aceticacid), ABA (abscisic acid), and SA (salicylic acid) in the dark, whereas CmFT2 and CmFT3 expression levels were upregulated by ET, MeJA (methyl jasmonate), and ABA but were downregulated by 6-BA, SA, and MeSA. GA, IAA, SA, and MeSA inhibited CmTFL gene expression under light and dark treatments. Further research on CmPEBP genes in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum could better determine their roles in flowering and floral organ development, especially in response to the prolonged spraying of exogenous hormones

Identification and Analysis of <i>Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein</i> Family Genes in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum (<i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> Ramat)

The Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) is one of the “Zhejiang eight flavors” in traditional Chinese medicine. The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) plays an important role in flowering and floral organ development. Even so, the biological role of PEBPs in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum has not been studied, which attracted us. Here, nine CmPEBP genes that contain the PF01161 domain were identified in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum for the first time, and their biological role in flowering was preliminarily studied. A phylogenetic analysis classified the CmPEBP genes into three subfamilies: MFT-like, TFL-like, and FT-like genes. The differential expression analysis was performed under different tissues and different stressors using qRT-PCR. It showed that each CmPEBP displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Expression patterns in response to different temperatures and hormone stressors were investigated. They were finally demonstrated to be differentially expressed. TFL-like gene expression, which delayed reproductive growth, was upregulated under heat stress. Conversely, FT-like gene expression was upregulated under low temperatures. CmFT1 expression could be inhibited by GA (gibberellin), 6-BA (benzylaminopurine), ET (ethylene), and MeSA (methyl salicylate) but could be activated by IAA (indole-3-aceticacid), ABA (abscisic acid), and SA (salicylic acid) in the dark, whereas CmFT2 and CmFT3 expression levels were upregulated by ET, MeJA (methyl jasmonate), and ABA but were downregulated by 6-BA, SA, and MeSA. GA, IAA, SA, and MeSA inhibited CmTFL gene expression under light and dark treatments. Further research on CmPEBP genes in the Hangzhou White Chrysanthemum could better determine their roles in flowering and floral organ development, especially in response to the prolonged spraying of exogenous hormones

Difference in Accumulation of Five Phthalate Esters in Different Elite Tea Cultivars and Their Correlation with Environment Factors

Plasticizers, i.e., phthalate esters (PAEs) were liable to be detected from fresh tea leaves and tea products. In order to monitor the pollution of PAEs in tea plants and compare the difference among PAEs content of tea cultivars, fifteen elite cultivars in tea plant cultivar gardens were chosen. PAEs were extracted from the upper mature leaves and lower mature leaves of tea bushes and determined via GC–MS once every two months, six times in total in one anniversary. DMP, DEP, DiBP, DBP, and DEHP were detected in fifteen tea cultivars. DBP was the predominant congener in fifteen tea cultivars, which was followed by DiBP. PAEs content in upper mature leaves was significantly lower than that in lower mature leaves in all months. There was no significant difference among PAEs content from the fifteen tea cultivars. Except for summer, the PAEs content of fresh tea leaves gradually increased from spring to winter. The correlation analysis result was that PAEs had significant negative correlation with air temperature and positive correlation with air quality index (p p < 0.05). According to cluster analysis, three types of fresh tea leaves with high, medium, and low accumulation accounted for 26.7%, 20%, and 53.3%, respectively. The results could supply a reference for monitoring of pollution of PAEs in fresh tea leaves, as well as an evaluation of PAEs content difference of tea plant cultivars

Dynamic restructuring of Cu-doped SnS2 nanoflowers for highly selective electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate

With ever-increasing energy consumption and continuous rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration, electrochemical reduction of CO2 into chemicals/fuels is becoming a promising yet challenging solution. Sn-based materials are identified as attractive electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) to formate but suffer from insufficient selectivity and activity, especially at large cathodic current densities. Herein, we demonstrate that Cu-doped SnS2 nanoflowers can undergo in situ dynamic restructuring to generate catalytically active S-doped Cu/Sn alloy for highly selective electrochemical CO2 RR to formate over a wide potential window. Theoretical thermodynamic analysis of reaction energetics indicates that the optimal electronic structure of the Sn active site can be regulated by both S-doping and Cu-alloying to favor formate formation, while the CO and H2 pathways will be suppressed. Our findings provide a rational strategy for electronic modulation of metal active site(s) for the design of active and selective electrocatalysts towards CO2 RR.Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Ministry of Education (MOE)We acknowledge the funding support from Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier 1: RG5/20 and RG4/20; Tier 2: MOET2EP10120-0002, and Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*Star) AME IRG: A20E5c0080.Great thanks are given to the Facility for Analysis, Characterization, Testing and Simulation (FACTS) of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. We also like to acknowledge 111 project (D18023 ) from Zhengzhou University for their support of this work