Estudio comparativo de los aspectos económicos/financieros de las empresas del sector de la construcción en China y España

En el siglo XXI, la ciencia y la tecnología humana han obtenido mucho desarrollo, como astrología, medicina, biológica, informática y construcción, etc., los cuales han majorado a la vida diaria nuestra. La industria de la constucción es una disciplina básica, pero por el crecimiento de la demanda nuestra, ella está frente a oportunidades y espacios de desarrollo que nunca existían. En los campos de la Arquitectura e ingeniería, la construcción es el arte o técnica de fabricar edificios e infraestructuras. En un sentido más amplio, se denomina construcción a todo aquello que exige, antes de hacerse, tener o disponer de un proyecto y una planificación predeterminada. Construcción: todo lo que se crea primero imaginariamente y luego físicamente y esta compuesto por lo menos por 2 partes. También se denomina construcción u obra a la edificación o infraestructura en proceso de realización, y a toda la zona adyacente usada en la ejecución de la misma. Debido a esta situación, los seres humano se esforzan para completar y mejorar todos los aspectos de constucción incluyendo teoría, tecnología, aplicación y concepto de gestión. Actualmente, la construcción y arquitectura han sido una de las partes más importantes de la sociedad humana y han vinculado estrechamente con las otras industrias

Clinical study on botulinum toxin A injections for blepharospasm

AIM: To observe the efficacy of using botulinum toxin A in the treatment of blepharospasm.<p>METHODS:Totally 113 patients with blepharospasm were managed with a local injection of botulinum toxin A, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated.<p>RESULTS:Fifty-nine cases(52.2%)had a complete remission of symptoms, 49 patients(43.4%)presented with obvious relieved spasm, 4 cases(3.5%)were partially relieved and the 1 patient(0.9%)remained unchanged. The total effective rate was 99.1%. The time of beginning effect was 1-14d. The recover time was mostly in 14d. The average of therapeutic effect lasted 1-9mo. Adverse reactions such as mild palpebra dysraphism, palpebra ptosis and local subcutaneous blood stasis were found in 23 patients, and the symptoms disappeared in 2-4wk.<p>CONCLUSION:Botulinum toxin A can effectively control medium and severe blepharospasm by injecting a little dose on local muscle

On correcting the overestimation of the permutation-based false discovery rate estimator

Motivation: Recent attempts to account for multiple testing in the analysis of microarray data have focused on controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), which is defined as the expected percentage of the number of false positive genes among the claimed significant genes. As a consequence, the accuracy of the FDR estimators will be important for correctly controlling FDR. Xie et al. found that the standard permutation method of estimating FDR is biased and proposed to delete the predicted differentially expressed (DE) genes in the estimation of FDR for one-sample comparison. However, we notice that the formula of the FDR used in their paper is incorrect. This makes the comparison results reported in their paper unconvincing. Other problems with their method include the biased estimation of FDR caused by over- or under-deletion of DE genes in the estimation of FDR and by the implicit use of an unreasonable estimator of the true proportion of equivalently expressed (EE) genes. Due to the great importance of accurate FDR estimation in microarray data analysis, it is necessary to point out such problems and propose improved methods

A Method for Learning a Petri Net Model Based on Region Theory

The deployment of robots in real life applications is growing. For better control and analysis of robots, modeling and learning are the hot topics in the field. This paper proposes a method for learning a Petri net model from the limited attempts of robots. The method can supplement the information getting from robot system and then derive an accurate Petri net based on region theory accordingly. We take the building block world as an example to illustrate the presented method and prove the rationality of the method by two theorems. Moreover, the method described in this paper has been implemented by a program and tested on a set of examples. The results of experiments show that our algorithm is feasible and effective

EGMM: an Evidential Version of the Gaussian Mixture Model for Clustering

The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) provides a convenient yet principled framework for clustering, with properties suitable for statistical inference. In this paper, we propose a new model-based clustering algorithm, called EGMM (evidential GMM), in the theoretical framework of belief functions to better characterize cluster-membership uncertainty. With a mass function representing the cluster membership of each object, the evidential Gaussian mixture distribution composed of the components over the powerset of the desired clusters is proposed to model the entire dataset. The parameters in EGMM are estimated by a specially designed Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. A validity index allowing automatic determination of the proper number of clusters is also provided. The proposed EGMM is as convenient as the classical GMM, but can generate a more informative evidential partition for the considered dataset. Experiments with synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method as compared with some other prototype-based and model-based clustering techniques