Replacement-Based Cultural Threat and Immigration Attitudes

With the influx of nonwhite migrants into white-majority states across the Global North, right-wing political actors have used populism to shape public perception of immigration and immigrants themselves. Warnings against the acceptance of outgroup populations can be traced back to the dawn of human social behavior, though a recent shift in rhetoric by xenophobic actors has taken place. Moving away from claims of impending security, economic or cultural threats of migrant populations, contemporary anti-immigrant rhetoric has shifted toward claims that migrant populations will replace existing western cultures altogether. Through both a survey experiment and an Immigration Threat Measurement Study, this thesis explores the novel replacement threat—a previously overlooked and distinct form of immigration threat. Replacement threat—based in the psychological framing of the impending minority status of a white majority—proves to be an innovative tool for identifying the socio-political consequences of replacement-based rhetoric on immigration attitudes.The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Research ScholarshipNo embargoAcademic Major: Political Scienc

Constitutions and the Political Agency of Women: A Cross-Country Study

The underrepresentation of women in parliaments worldwide warrants attention to discern underlying sources. This study examines one potential source: the countries’ constitutions. Based on a large cross-country dataset from 2011, the study demonstrates that women's representation in parliament is larger in countries with constitutional protection from gender-based discrimination. Baseline estimates suggest that the presence of such protection results in over a 3.5 percentage point increase in women's share of parliamentary seats. The study probes some underlying mechanisms and shows that places with constitutional protection from gender-based discrimination are likely to have legislation directly targeting women's underrepresentation. The results underscore the role of constitutional design in promoting women's political agency

Compassion, Respect and Governance: How Legislative Gender Quotas Influence Physical Integrity Rights

This paper addresses the substantive political outcomes of legislative gender quotas and considers the influence of gender quota rules upon the governmental respect for physical integrity rights that are observed within states

Evaluation of the Impact of USAID Democracy and Governance Programming

Research project funded in academic years 2005-06 and 2006-07The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Until recently, USAID aid to promote democracy and good governance had not been adequately evaluated. Two years ago, Paxton and Rumi Morishima undertook just such an evaluation. Previous studies had not found a link between foreign aid and democratization or human rights. They found that USAID support has a significant impact on democracy, over and above the normal dynamics of the country and controlling for selection bias.Mershon Center for International Security StudiesProject summar

Mershon Memo: A newsletter of the Mershon Center for International Security Studies

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Mershon professor examines role of women in international politics.Mershon professor examines role of women in international politics -- Conference to consider Cold War on periphery -- Calendar of Events -- New mission, vision for International Affairs

WOMEN, POLITICS, AND GENDER INEQUALITY

Women’s representation in United States politics has increased but remains substantially lower than in many other countries. This Article first examines the structural impediments to higher levels of women’s representation, including how gender stereotypes may limit women’s electoral success. Then, the focus shifts to how women’s representation may and may not result in different kinds of policy priorities. Finally, the Article takes a more intersectional approach to consider how variations among women impact political priorities and approaches

Individual and country-level factors affecting support for foreign aid

In recent years donor countries have committed to dramatic increases in the supply of foreign aid to developing countries. Meeting and sustaining such commitments will require sufficient support among donor country voters and taxpayers. The determinants of public opinion in donor countries on foreign aid have received little attention. This paper examines attitudes to foreign aid with a large, multi-level, cross-national study. It outlines a theoretical rationale for support for foreign aid, discussing the importance of both individual factors and economic and social structures. The theory is tested with multi-level models, including both individual-level and country-level variables to predict positive attitudes. Two datasets are used to measure attitudes in donor countries: (1) the 1995 World Values Survey has information from approximately 6,000 individuals in nine countries and asks a rich battery of questions at the individual-level, and (2) the 2002 Gallup"Voice of the People"survey asks fewer questions of individuals but includes 17 donor countries. Using both surveys combines theirdistinct strengths and allows tests of individual and national-level theories across disparate samples. The results generally support the predictions that attitudes toward aid are influenced by religiosity, beliefs about the causes of poverty, awareness of international affairs, and trust in people and institutions.Post Conflict Reconstruction,Gender and Health,Development Economics&Aid Effectiveness,Foreign Aid,Disability

Who Gets USAID Decomcracy Assistance: Thinking About Foreign and in a Global Society

LBJ School of Public Affair

Making Women Visible: How Gender Quotas Shape Global Attitudes toward Women in Politics

Since the 1990s, gender quotas have been celebrated for improving women’s equality. Yet their cross-national and longitudinal impact on attitudes toward female politicians and the mechanism through which this process occurs are not well understood. Using multilevel modeling on 87 nations, we examine how different types of quotas, with varied features and levels of strength, shape beliefs about women in politics. We give particular attention to the mechanism of visibility created by quotas in impacting attitudes. Results suggest that unlike quotas with features facilitating low visibility (i.e., weak quotas), those producing high visibility (i.e., robust quotas) significantly impact public approval of women in politics. However, the direction of this effect varies by quota type. Social context also matters. Robust quota effects - both positive and negative - are especially pronounced in democracies but are insignificant in nondemocracies. Limited differences by gender (men versus women) emerge. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed