13 research outputs found
Perturbation Centrality and Turbine: A Novel Centrality Measure Obtained Using a Versatile Network Dynamics Tool
Analysis of network dynamics became a focal point to understand and predict
changes of complex systems. Here we introduce Turbine, a generic framework
enabling fast simulation of any algorithmically definable dynamics on very
large networks. Using a perturbation transmission model inspired by
communicating vessels, we define a novel centrality measure: perturbation
centrality. Hubs and inter-modular nodes proved to be highly efficient in
perturbation propagation. High perturbation centrality nodes of the Met-tRNA
synthetase protein structure network were identified as amino acids involved in
intra-protein communication by earlier studies. Changes in perturbation
centralities of yeast interactome nodes upon various stresses well
recapitulated the functional changes of stressed yeast cells. The novelty and
usefulness of perturbation centrality was validated in several other model,
biological and social networks. The Turbine software and the perturbation
centrality measure may provide a large variety of novel options to assess
signaling, drug action, environmental and social interventions. The Turbine
algorithm is available at: http://www.turbine.linkgroup.huComment: 21 pages, 4 figues, 1 table, 58 references + a Supplement of 52
pages, 10 figures, 9 tables and 39 references; Turbine algorithm is available
at: http://www.turbine.linkgroup.h
Efficient Sparse Coding in Early Sensory Processing: Lessons from Signal Recovery
Sensory representations are not only sparse, but often overcomplete: coding units significantly outnumber the input units. For models of neural coding this overcompleteness poses a computational challenge for shaping the signal processing channels as well as for using the large and sparse representations in an efficient way. We argue that higher level overcompleteness becomes computationally tractable by imposing sparsity on synaptic activity and we also show that such structural sparsity can be facilitated by statistics based decomposition of the stimuli into typical and atypical parts prior to sparse coding. Typical parts represent large-scale correlations, thus they can be significantly compressed. Atypical parts, on the other hand, represent local features and are the subjects of actual sparse coding. When applied on natural images, our decomposition based sparse coding model can efficiently form overcomplete codes and both center-surround and oriented filters are obtained similar to those observed in the retina and the primary visual cortex, respectively. Therefore we hypothesize that the proposed computational architecture can be seen as a coherent functional model of the first stages of sensory coding in early vision
Heat shock partially dissociates the overlapping modules of the yeast protein-protein interaction network: a systems level model of adaptation
Network analysis became a powerful tool in recent years. Heat shock is a
well-characterized model of cellular dynamics. S. cerevisiae is an appropriate
model organism, since both its protein-protein interaction network
(interactome) and stress response at the gene expression level have been well
characterized. However, the analysis of the reorganization of the yeast
interactome during stress has not been investigated yet. We calculated the
changes of the interaction-weights of the yeast interactome from the changes of
mRNA expression levels upon heat shock. The major finding of our study is that
heat shock induced a significant decrease in both the overlaps and connections
of yeast interactome modules. In agreement with this the weighted diameter of
the yeast interactome had a 4.9-fold increase in heat shock. Several key
proteins of the heat shock response became centers of heat shock-induced local
communities, as well as bridges providing a residual connection of modules
after heat shock. The observed changes resemble to a "stratus-cumulus" type
transition of the interactome structure, since the unstressed yeast interactome
had a globally connected organization, similar to that of stratus clouds,
whereas the heat shocked interactome had a multifocal organization, similar to
that of cumulus clouds. Our results showed that heat shock induces a partial
disintegration of the global organization of the yeast interactome. This change
may be rather general occurring in many types of stresses. Moreover, other
complex systems, such as single proteins, social networks and ecosystems may
also decrease their inter-modular links, thus develop more compact modules, and
display a partial disintegration of their global structure in the initial phase
of crisis. Thus, our work may provide a model of a general, system-level
adaptation mechanism to environmental changes.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, 70 references + 22 pages 8 figures, 4
tables and 8 references in the enclosed Supplemen
Interleukin-1β (187â207)-Induced Hyperthermia is Inhibited by Interleukin-1β (193â195) in Rats
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Modelling disease spread and control in networks: implications for plant sciences
Networks are ubiquitous in natural, technological and social systems. They are of increasing relevance for improved understanding and control of infectious diseases of plants, animals and humans, given the interconnectedness of today's world. Recent modelling work on disease development in complex networks shows: the relative rapidity of pathogen spread in scale-free compared with random networks, unless there is high local clustering; the theoretical absence of an epidemic threshold in scale-free networks of infinite size, which implies that diseases with low infection rates can spread in them, but the emergence of a threshold when realistic features are added to networks (e.g. finite size, household structure or deactivation of links); and the influence on epidemic dynamics of asymmetrical interactions. Models suggest that control of pathogens spreading in scale-free networks should focus on highly connected individuals rather than on mass random immunization. A growing number of empirical applications of network theory in human medicine and animal disease ecology confirm the potential of the approach, and suggest that network thinking could also benefit plant epidemiology and forest pathology, particularly in human-modified pathosystems linked by commercial transport of plant and disease propagules. Potential consequences for the study and management of plant and tree diseases are discussed