The Trade and Tariff Act of 1984: From the Customs Treatment of Manhole Covers to the Return of Goods From Outer Space

The Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 (TTA) began life as a Miscellaneous Tariff Bill, but became the vehicle to which other, more significant, trade measures were attached

The Capture of the Antidumping Law

PROTECTIONIsM. By Jagdish N. Bhagwati.t Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1988. Pp. xiii, 147. $16.95 (Hardcover). International economists, Jagdish Bhagwati writes, have long been frustrated by the dissonance between the elegance of their irrefutable demonstration of the advantages of free trade and the inelegance with which practical politics embraces protection. International trade lawyers, for their part, frequently have been frustrated by the apparent ivory tower impracticality of many of those same international economists. To those in the arena opposing protection, the arguments of some economists can appear so dismissive of the very real human concerns of those who seek protection as to be irrelevant at best and counterproductive at worst

No. 4 - Agriculture and the WTO: Subsidies in the Cross Hairs

September 2003 saw trade talks pursuing the Doha Development Agenda at the Cancún WTO Ministerial Meeting collapse, primarily over the disagreements between rich and developing countries regarding agriculture. Despite the great pessimism that ensued, on August 1, 2004, WTO negotiators from 147 countries announced a breakthrough in negotiations to liberalize trade in agricultural products. The most striking aspect of this new framework agreement is the proposed elimination of agricultural subsidies by rich countries in return for developing countries opening up their markets to more imports. At the same time, WTO dispute resolution panels have delivered stunning decisions against the U.S. cotton subsidy program and the European Union\u27s sugar subsidies. Clearly agriculture trade policy will be a pivotal issue determining the failure or success of the Doha round. This conference featured noted experts from senior levels of government, the private sector, and the legal profession addressing current developments in multilateral negotiations and the WTO cases on agriculture and analyzing their impact on the future of the world agricultural market. It was presented on November 16, 2004, at the University of Georgia School of Law by the Dean Rusk Center–International, Comparative, and Graduate Legal Studies and the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Rules of Origin or Rules of Restriction? A Commentary on a New Form of Protectionism

Part I of this Article discusses the development of the basic United States rule of origin, the substantial transformation test, and its application to the various country of origin determinations required by U.S. law. Part II examines the application of the substantial transformation test to imports that compete with two politically powerful domestic industries, textiles and steel. Part III surveys the requirements for marking goods