Final Focus System for a Muon Collider: A Test Model

The present scenario for a high luminosity 4 TeV on center of mass muon collider requires a beta function =3 mm at the interaction point. We discuss a test model of a basic layout which satisfies the requirements although it is not fully realistic.Comment: 9 pages, uses REVTEX macros. Submitted to the Proceedings of the Symposium on Physics Potential and Development of mu^+-mu^- Colliders, San Francisco, CA. Suppl. of the journal Nuclear Physics

Reaction kinetics of nickel and iron drops with flowing gases

Imperial Users onl

Development of a liquid hydrogen bubble chamber and its use in the study of low energy-neutron proton interactions

Imperial Users onl

Experimental Investigation of a Constant-Velocity Traveling Magnetic Wave Plasma Engine

The previously reported traveling magnetic wave plasma engine has been redesigned to reduce the high heat loss to the tube walls downstream of the last magnetic-field coil. The present configuration uses a 3-inch-diameter pyrex tube flared out to a 6-inch diameter immediately downstream of the last magnetic-field coil. This configuration has been studied to determine the effects of flared-tube geometry, molecular weight of the propellant, engine length, and use of a ferrite core on the engine performance. Argon and xenon gases were used as propellants. Two engine lengths were tested. One engine was nominally 1-magnetic-wavelength long (4 coils) and the other nominally 2 1/2-magnetic wavelengths long (10 coils). The magnetic wave speed for both of these lengths corresponds to a specific impulse of 4750 seconds. The maximum kinetic efficiency of the 4-coil engine was 10 percent at a specific impulse of 3200 seconds using argon gas and 22.5 percent at 4200 seconds using xenon gas as the propellant

The Human Right to Water and Unconventional Energy

Access to water, in sufficient quantities and of sufficient quality is vital for human health. The United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (in General Comment 15, drafted 2002) argued that access to water was a condition for the enjoyment of the right to an adequate standard of living, inextricably related to the right to the highest attainable standard of health, and thus a human right. On 28 July 2010 the United Nations General Assembly declared safe and clean drinking water and sanitation a human right essential to the full enjoyment of life and all other human rights. This paper charts the international legal development of the right to water and its relevance to discussions surrounding the growth of unconventional energy and its heavy reliance on water. We consider key data from the country with arguably the most mature and extensive industry, the USA, and highlight the implications for water usage and water rights. We conclude that, given the weight of testimony of local people from our research, along with data from scientific literature, non-governmental organization (NGO) and other policy reports, that the right to water for residents living near fracking sites is likely to be severely curtailed. Even so, from the data presented here, we argue that the major issue regarding water use is the shifting of the resource from society to industry and the demonstrable lack of supply-side price signal that would demand that the industry reduce or stabilize its water demand per unit of energy produced. Thus, in the US context alone, there is considerable evidence that the human right to water will be seriously undermined by the growth of the unconventional oil and gas industry, and given its spread around the globe this could soon become a global human rights issue

Dynamics and Asymptotic Behavior of the Solutions of a Nonlinear Differential Equation

Initial value problems of the form dx/dt= t xP, x(a) = β are examined, first when p = 2. Applying Euler\u27s method, a numerical approximation technique, when p = 2 for certain initial conditions produces a numerical solution which resembles a bifurcation diagram very similar to that produced by the logistic map. Comparisons of such numerical solutions to the logistic map are made, and a partial explanation of such numerical solutions is given. Then, the exact solution of the initial value problem with p = 2, for which the software package Mathematica 3.0 determines an explicit formula, is analyzed to determine its uniqueness, range of existence, and dependency upon initial conditions. The long - term behavior of the solution is also determined. Solutions of the initial value problem are also analyzed when p is an integer greater than 2. Conclusions about the behavior of solutions to such initial value problems are made, and such conclusions depend in part upon whether p is even or odd. Mathematica Version 3.0 was unable to determine formulas for selected problems of this form

Is There a Presumption of Undue Influence Upon the Testator When the Attorney Drawing the Will Is Made a Beneficiary Therein?

In the recent California case of In re Ersekson\u27s Estate, a will was contested on the ground of undue influence practiced upon the testator by the attorney drawing up the will and who was made one of the residuary legatees thereunder. This case raises the quite common and interesting problem often found in a will contest as to whether a presumption of undue influence exists, placing the burden of proving no such influence on the proponents of the will, when the attorney who draws up the instrument is named as one of the beneficiaries therein It is the purpose of this comment to discuss this problem, but before so doing it will be necessary in order to better understand the question to briefly analyze the general topic of undue influence and fraud as a ground for setting aside a will

Education, training and labour market outcomes in Ghana: a review of the evidence

This literature review synthesizes what is known about the relationships between education, training and the labour market in Ghana. It focuses upon the returns to education and training in both formal and informal sectors of the economy. The implications of recent trends in these returns are discussed. Characteristics of the broader labour market environment in Ghana, and of pathways from education and skills training to employment, are identified. Priorities for research are indicated