THE INK TRANSFER AND IMAGE DEFINITION DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ELASTOMER AND PHOTOPOLYMER PRINTING SYSTEMS

With recent advancements in elastomer imaging and plate technologies, a study comparing the ink transfer and image definition characteristics of the current flexographic printing systems was conducted. Using a number of print metrics across a variety of testing conditions, overall results suggested that the elastomer printing system laid down more ink and produced shaper printing than the photopolymer printing system. In particular, the elastomer printing system showed greater solid ink densities for the solvent and aqueous ink printing conditions, while the photopolymer printing system showed higher values in the ultraviolet ink printing conditions. Results across conditions also revealed that the elastomer printing system produced stronger opacities, larger print contrasts, smaller minimum dots, finer lines, and smaller type than the photopolymer printing system. Following a discussion of these results, the study’s research limitations and areas of future research are addressed

Blurred Lines Means Changing Focus: Juries Composed of Musical Artists Should Decide Music Copyright Infringement Cases, Not Lay Juries

The verdict in Williams v. Bridgeport Music, Inc., or the Blurred Lines case, surprised a lot of people. It surprised the public, as many did not expect there to be infringement. It also surprised the litigants, because the jury\u27s special verdict form contained a logical inconsistency indicating that something had been decided incorrectly. However, the jury cannot be faulted for this inconsistency because it was tasked with deciphering the indecipherable. The fault lies in the way copyright law establishes infringement. This Note investigates the apparent circuit split in determining music copyright infringement and proposes that it is illusory. All circuits are attempting to do the same thing while using different language. The different tests used by each circuit all suffer from the same flaws: lack of a definition for musical idea and musical expression and the inability to pinpoint how substantial substantial similarity is. Given the complicated nature of music, tinkering with the tests or establishing definitions is futile. The change should focus on the trier of fact who applies the test. Juries composed of musicians should decide whether there is infringement in music copyright cases by balancing the interest of the plaintiff artist in owning the allegedly protected expression and the interest of the music community as a whole in using and building upon the allegedly protected expression. This process will ensure that music copyright\u27s goal of benefitting the public is pursued with the most deliberate of intentions

A Separation of Powers Analysis of Forum Non Conveniens’ Adequate Available Forum

(Excerpt) “Boehner snubs [White House], invites Netanyahu to address Congress.” These words, or words remarkably similar, headlined newspapers all around the United States on January 21, 2015. Without consulting President Obama, House Speaker John Boehner invited Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu to address a joint session of Congress in opposition to the White House’s overtures to Iran with respect to its nuclear program. Speaker Boehner extended the invitation in apparent response to President Obama’s State of the Union Address, in which he informed Congress that any further economic sanctions bill against Iran at that time would be detrimental to ongoing diplomatic negotiations and would be vetoed. Prime Minister Netanyahu accepted the offer and addressed a joint session of Congress. Questions were immediately raised about the unprecedented breach of diplomatic protocol, as invitations to foreign leaders to address Congress are usually made in consultation with the White House and State Department. Some went so far as to question whether the invitation was unconstitutional. According to Article II, Section 3, of the United States Constitution, the President of the United States “shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers” from foreign governments. Critics of the invitation argued that Prime Minister Netanyahu, appearing as the official representative of his country, should be classified as a “public minister.” According to Stanford University Professor Jack Rakove, the Founding Fathers empowered the President with this role for a specific reason—to facilitate negotiations with foreign powers regarding complex issues on behalf of the United States. In this regard, while Congress is tasked with declaring war, “the [P]resident is charged with making peace—and ‘peace [was] attended with intricate and secret negotiations.’ ” This decision, enshrined in the Constitution, demonstrated the Founding Fathers’ desire to have the President in charge of “delicate” negotiations with foreign governments that required discretion. While Boehner’s invitation to Netanyahu did not precipitate a constitutional crisis, it did raise the question of which branch of government, the executive or the legislative, should control this important aspect of foreign policy

The millennials are coming! : Improving Self-Efficacy In Law Students Through Universal Design In Learning

The Millennial generation has arrived in law school. This new generation of self-confident and extremely high achieving learners merits a new interdisciplinary approach to legal education. Some institutions have explored formative assessments and regulated self-learning to improve academic success. Other universities have looked to universal design, specifically universal design in learning or universal design in instruction, as a mechanism for furthering educational goals for their students. All agree that a lack of self-efficacy can prevent Millennial students from overcoming challenges in their educational growth, and that high self efficacy, the ability to put forth effort and persistence to successfully accomplish a goal, will lead to better learning outcomes and is a powerful predictor of educational success. None, however, have paired the theories of self-regulated learning and universal design in instruction as a vehicle to improve self-efficacy in the law school classroom. This article is the first to address the unique intersection of these learning theories and their potentially positive impact on self-efficacy for today’s learners

Forgotten Sacrifice: Native American Involvement in the Construction of the Castillo de San Marcos

In the past, historians have been quick to praise the remarkable hardships endured by Spanish soldiers and colonists in the construction of the Castillo de San Marcos.1 Their pay, food, and other supplies were siphoned off to help complete the construction. But seemingly lost in discussions of deprivation and hardship are the Native Americans who lived in the Spanish colony of La Florida. Apalachees, Timucuans, and Guales toiled for over twenty-four years under grueling condition to construct the first European-style stone fortress on North America\u27s east coast

An assessment of riparian land-use and channel condition impacts on streambank eroding lengths and recession rates in two third order rural watersheds in Central Iowa

Over the 150 year history of major agricultural activity in Iowa nearly all the native prairie (99.9%) and wetlands (95%) were lost as native plant communities were converted to row-crop agriculture. This major change from perennial to annual upland vegetation was accompanied by broad scale installation of tile drainage intended to remove moisture from saturated wetland soils, increasing available crop land. The increased removal of water by tile drainage accompanied by the increase in surface runoff caused by the loss of permanent soil cover and compaction resulted in an increase in the rate and amount of water entering stream systems. The increase in discharge overtime resulted in a series of channel adjustments (deepening & widening) to accommodate the increase in flow. Sediment contributed due to these channel adjustments, specifically from streambank erosion has been shown to be a major source of sediment in many Midwestern stream systems. The main objective of this study was to determine what impact the major past and present land use practices in the Walnut and Squaw Creek Watersheds were having on the location and rate of severe streambank erosion within the two channel systems. The location and length of severe streambank erosion was mapped along the main channels of each watershed. Eroding lengths were broke down into riparian land use categories: Coolseason grass, warmseason grass, row-crop agriculture, grazed pasture, riparian forest, and grassland-forest mix. Total stream length, sinuosity, and eroding streambank lengths were compared among all land use categories. To estimate streambank recession rates, erosion pins were installed along streambanks in four major riparian land use types identified along the main stem of Walnut Creek. Outcomes of this investigation indicate that areas with high sinuosity located directly downstream of channelized portions of the stream network were subject to longer eroding lengths with higher recession rates than locations higher in the watershed. The two current major riparian land uses most frequently associated with meandered sections of the steam system were riparian forest land and grazed pasture land. Information from this study indicates that areas of stream segmented by alternating patches of channelized and meandered segments likely represent major source areas for streambank derived sediment