The study of role of HbA1c as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: India is the diabetic capital of the world and gestational diabetes mellitus contributes to a significant number of cases. Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common medical complication of pregnancy and may lead to serious consequences. Because of these reasons, it was felt that if there was a biomarker for predicting carbohydrate intolerance in pregnancy, it could help in earlier intervention and mitigate the consequences related to it. Hence, for this purpose, the role of HbA1c was studied as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Five hundred antenatal cases were considered for this study. All antenatal patients before 18 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic for the first time were selected and these patients were subjected to HbA1c followed by diabetes in pregnancy study group of India (DIPSI) test between 24-28 weeks and the results were analyzed to find any correlation between the two.Results: The main objective of the present study was to find whether HbA1c can be used as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus. In this study out of 500 women screened, 60 women turned out to have gestational diabetes mellitus. When comparing DIPSI positivity with various levels of HbA1c, it was found that maximum number of DIPSI positive patients (93.33%), had raised HbA1c levels.Conclusions: Maximum number of DIPSI positive cases had HbA1c level between 5.5 to 6 and this association was found to be statistically significant and a positive correlation was established between the two

Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacilli from Sundarban Mangrove Mitigate the Effects of Salinity Stress on Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Growth

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the major crops in dry and saline areas across the globe. During salinity stress, plants encounter significant changes in their physio and biochemical activities, leading to decreased growth and yield. Bacillus species are used as biofertilizers and biopesticides for pearl millet and other crops to promote growth and yield. The use of Bacillus in saline soils has been beneficial to combat the negative effect of salinity on plant growth and yield. In this context, the present study emphasizes the use of two Bacillus species, i.e. Bacillus megaterium JR-12 and B. pumilus GN-5, which helped in alleviating the impact of salinity stress on the growth activities in salt-stressed pearl millet. Pearl millet seeds were treated with two strains, B. megaterium JR-12 and B.pumilus GN-5, individually and in combination under 50, 100 and 150 mM of sodium chloride stress. The treated plants showed higher plant height, biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic apparatus than the non-treated plants. Additionally, the treated plants showed increased osmoprotectant levels under salinity stress compared to control plants. The antioxidant enzyme content was improved post-inoculation, indicating the efficient stress-alleviating potential of both strains of Bacillus species. Moreover, inoculation of these microbes significantly increased plant growth attributes in plants treated with a combination of Bp-GN-5 + Bm-JR-12 and the reduction rates of plant growth were found to be alleviated to 9.12%, 20.30% and 33%, respectively. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that these microbes could have a higher potential to improve the productivity of pearl millet under salinity stress

Embedded Based Drip Irrigation System using WSN and GSM Module

Agriculture plays the vital role in economics and survival of people in India. Nowadays Indian agriculture faces a two major problem. We know the government has promoted a free supply of electricity to farmers for irrigation purpose to run their motors and pumps. But it is found that the farmers misusing the electricity to run their home appliances such as radio, TV, fans, and etc. This misuse of electricity has brought a considerable problem for government to supply free electricity. The main objective of this project is to design low cost Automated Irrigation System using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module. The main aim of this project is to provide embedded based system for irrigation to reduce the manual monitoring of the field and GPRS gives their information. This proposed system recognizes whether the free electricity has been used excluding electric motors for pumping water and if so electricity is being misused, it shuts the total stockpile for the farmers through a tripping circuit. By using wireless networks we can intimate the electricity board about this mal convention. The development of this project at experimental level within rural areas is presented and the implementation has to exhibit that the automatic irrigation can be used

An Evaluation of the Genotoxic Effects of Seed Decoction of Cassia tora L. (Leguminosae) in Allium cepa Model

Cytological effects of Cassia tora seed decoction were evaluated in Allium cepa root tip cells. Bulbs were grown in pure tap water (controls, Gr. I) and also in six concentrations (0.15 mg/ml, 0.31 mg/ml, 0.62 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml) of C.tora seed decoction in tap water (experimental, Grs. II). Parameters of study were \u27mean root length\u27 and morphology i.e. colour and shape of root tips at 72 hr of cultivation and \u27mitotic Index\u27, chromosomal aberrations and abnormal mitosis at 48 hr of cultivation. Physico-chemical characterization of decoction was also made. No changes in the morphology of root tips occurred at any concentration of C.tora seed decoction, however, change in color did occur at all concentrations. Mitotic index and mean root length remained unaffected at first two concentrations but all higher four concentrations caused progressive mitodepression hence a decline in root growth occurred. No abnormal mitosis and no chromosomal aberration occurred at all at any concentration. Results suggest that water soluble constituents of C.tora seeds could only lower mitosis but not caused any adverse genotoxic effects in mitotically dividing A.cepa root cells under laboratory condition

Development of a Fast SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA, Based on Receptor-Binding Domain, and Its Comparative Evaluation Using Temporally Segregated Samples From RT-PCR Positive Individuals

SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection assays are crucial for gathering seroepidemiological information and monitoring the sustainability of antibody response against the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a very specific target for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection. Moreover, many neutralizing antibodies are mapped to this domain, linking antibody response to RBD with neutralizing potential. Detection of IgG antibodies, rather than IgM or total antibodies, against RBD is likely to play a larger role in understanding antibody-mediated protection and vaccine response. Here we describe a rapid and stable RBD-based IgG ELISA test obtained through extensive optimization of the assay components and conditions. The test showed a specificity of 99.79% (95% CI: 98.82-99.99%) in a panel of pre-pandemic samples (n = 470) from different groups, i.e., pregnancy, fever, HCV, HBV, and autoantibodies positive. Test sensitivity was evaluated using sera from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals (n = 312) and found to be 53.33% (95% CI: 37.87-68.34%), 80.47% (95% CI: 72.53-86.94%), and 88.24% (95% CI: 82.05-92.88%) in panel 1 (days 0-13), panel 2 (days 14-20) and panel 3 (days 21-27), respectively. Higher sensitivity was achieved in symptomatic individuals and reached 92.14% (95% CI: 86.38-96.01%) for panel 3. Our test, with a shorter runtime, showed higher sensitivity than parallelly tested commercial ELISAs for SARS-CoV-2-IgG, i.e., Euroimmun and Zydus, even when equivocal results in the commercial ELISAs were considered positive. None of the tests, which are using different antigens, could detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs in 10.5% RT-PCR positive individuals by the fourth week, suggesting the lack of IgG response

EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED WOUND THERAPY ON BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL, AND HISTOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

 Objective: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been used as an alternative, efficient, less expensive, and ecofriendly method. Ancient approaches employed for nanoparticle fabrication were chemical and physical methods having various disadvantages as they are costly and potentially harmful to the environment, use of harsh chemicals and stringent protocol for synthesizing nanoparticles. The present study is focused on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bio-availed as well as chemical route and evaluation of their wound healing potential in Wistar rat model.Methods: Extraction of Syzygium cumini was done and was used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, which confirms the availability of nanosilver particles with marginally spherical morphology. The particles were then carried forward for treating impaired diabetic wounds in Wistar rat models. Regular photography was done and wound healing parameters were monitored throughout the study along with analyzing other parameters such as biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters.Results: The study showed that the sizes of the synthesized nanoparticles are below 100 nm. The results obtained from in vivo studies showed efficient wound healing potential of silver nanoparticles as compared to pre-existing drug povidone-iodine, i.e., the percentage reduction in wound area after therapy is 96.09% in case of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-treated group, 97.7% reduction in chemically synthesized silver nanoparticle-treated group, 64.28% reduction in case of pre-existing drug povidone-iodine-treated group, 37.5% reduction in case of diabetic control group (diabetic), and 97.5% reduction in normal control group (non-diabetic). Results showed that biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed less toxicity with respect to liver and kidney functions. Skin histology results showed increased sign of wound healing in biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Hematology results showed no such variation.Conclusion: The study will help to synthesize new economically viable potential biosynthesized nanoparticles along with providing the approach to develop the medication at nanoscale level

Primary Oral Malignant Melanoma

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a malignant neoplasm of epidermal melanocytes. Primary malignant melanoma (PMM) is rarely found in the oral cavity. It is estimated at between 0.2 and 8% of all melanomas and approximately four times more frequently in the oral mucosa of the upper jaw, usually on the palate and anterior gingiva. It is more prevalent in the older population having 50 to 80 years of age. Males are more commonly affected than females. Some rare cases of involvement of lip, mandibular gingiva and buccal mucosa were also reported previously. Here, we are reporting a rare case of MM in the oral cavity of 60-year-old male patient involving mandibular gingiva