How African-American and Hispanics perceive their racial equality in American advertising

This study focuses on how African-Americans and Hispanics perceive their racial equality in American advertising. A survey was conducted to find out the African-American and the Hispanic perceptions about how these ethnic groups saw themselves depicted, and the way they are stereotyped by the U.S. media. Overall, the study found that there was no difference between race and the level of perception between these two ethnic groups. However, age appears to be the only demographic variable that affects the African-American and Hispanic perception of discrimination. In addition, the study also exposed that African-Americans are mostly portrayed in the athletic advertising industry. Hispanics, on the other hand, appear most often in family-oriented and business-oriented ads

Plan estratégico de marketing del funcionamiento de la bolsa de valores de Nicaragua

Tesis (Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas)--Universidad Americana, Managua, 2004Este proyecto formula un plan estratégico de marketing para aumentar el movimiento de transacciones en la Bolsa de Valores de Nicaragua por medio de sus puestos autorizados

Aves vulnerables a colisionar contra torres eólicas en Rivas, Nicaragua, antes de su construcción

A Bird Vulnerability Index (BVI) and Potential Vulnerability Map (PVM) was applied to determine which are the most susceptible bird species to collide with wind towers and the riskiest sites, in a wind power plant south from the city of Rivas. Transects were placed in two areas where the towers would be placed: Grasslands without Trees and Grasslands with Trees. Transects were also made in adjacent habitats such as Lake Nicaragua Coast and Riparian Forest. The BVI was calculated with nine factors (Flight Height, Type of Flight, Wingspan, Weight, Status, Abundance, Reproductive Status, International and National Conservation Status). The total PVM was calculated from all detected species, and average PMV only using species that exceeded the specific BVI median. The risk of habitat collision was calculated by determining that less of 50th percentile is considered to be low risk, and high risk when the percentile is greater than 50. The highest vulnerability index is found in the species: Magnificent Frigatebird (Fregata magnificens), Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus), Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), Crested Caracara (Caracara cheriway), Nicaraguan Grackle (Quiscalus nicaraguensis), and Great Heron (Ardea herodias). The riparian forest and grassland with trees are the sites with the highest risk of collision to install wind towers. The BVI and PVM are important tools that allow the identification of potential risks of bird collision with wind towers before their construction.Se aplicó un Índice de Vulnerabilidad de Aves (IVA) y Mapa de Vulnerabilidad Potencial (MVP) para determinar cuáles son las especies de aves más susceptibles a colisionar con torres eólicas y los sitios con mayor riesgo, en una central eólica al sur de la ciudad de Rivas. Se colocaron transectos en dos zonas donde se colocarían las torres: Pastizales sin ‘Árboles y Pastizales con Árboles. También se realizaron transectos en hábitats adyacentes como Costa del lago de Nicaragua y Bosque Ripario. El IVA se calculó con nueve factores (altura de vuelo, tipo de vuelo, longitud de ala, peso, estatus, abundancia, estado reproductivo, estado de conservación internacional y nacional). Se calculó el MVP total a partir de todas las especies detectadas, y MVP medio solo utilizando las especies que superaron la mediana del IVA específico. El riesgo de colisión por hábitat se calculó determinando que menor al percentil 50 se considera de riesgo bajo, y de riesgo alto cuando el percentil sea mayor que 50. Los valores más altos de vulnerabilidad se encuentran en las especies: Rabihorcado Magno (Fregata magnificens), el Zopilote Negro (Coragyps atratus), el Zopilote Cabecirroja (Cathartes aura), Águila Pescadora (Pandion haliaetus), Caracara Crestado (Caracara cheriway), Zanate Nicaragüense (Quiscalus nicaraguensis), y la Garza Grande (Ardea herodias). El bosque ripario y pastizales con árboles son los sitios con mayor riesgo de colisión para instalar torres eólicas. El IVA y MVP constituyen herramientas importantes que permiten identificar los riesgos potenciales de colisión de aves en centrales eólicas antes de su construcción

Essays in labor economics

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.This dissertation consists of three chapters on topics in labor economics. In the first chapter, I present a model in which firms under-invest in hiring novice workers because they don't receive the full benefit of discovering novice talent. A firm must pay a cost to hire a novice worker. When it does, it obtains both labor services and information about the worker's productivity. This information has option value as a productive novice can be rehired. However, if competing firms also observe the novice's productivity, the option value of hiring accrues to the worker, not the employer. Firms will accordingly under-invest in discovering novice talent unless they can claim the benefit from doing so. I test this model's relevance in an online labor market by hiring 952 workers at random from an applicant pool of 3,767 for a 10-hour data entry job. In this market, worker performance is publicly observable. Consistent with the model's prediction, novice workers hired at random obtained significantly more employment and had higher earnings than the control group, following the initial hiring spell. A second treatment confirms that this causal effect is likely explained by information revelation rather than skills acquisition. Providing the market with more detailed information about the performance of a subset of the randomly-hired workers raised earnings of high-productivity workers and decreased earnings of low-productivity workers. Due to its scale, the experiment significantly increased the supply of workers recognized as high-ability in the market. This outward supply shift raised subsequent total employment and decreased average wages in occupations affected by the experiment (relative to non-treated occupations), implying that it also increased the sum of worker and employer surplus. Under plausible assumptions, this additional total surplus exceeds the social cost of the experiment. In the second chapter, I estimate the sensitivity of students' college application decisions to a small change in the cost of sending standardized test scores to colleges. In 1997, the ACT increased the number of free score reports it provided to students from three to four, maintaining a $6 marginal cost for each additional report. In response to this$6 cost change, ACT-takers sent more score reports and applications, while SAT-takers did not. ACT-takers also widened the range of colleges to which they sent scores. I show that students' response to the cost change is inconsistent with optimal decision-making but instead suggests that students use rules of thumb to make college application decisions. Sending additional score reports could, based on my estimates, substantially increase low-income students' future earnings. In the third chapter, I analyze the effects of the Tennessee Education Lottery Scholarships, a broad-based merit scholarship program that rewards students for their high school achievement with college financial aid. Since 1991, over a dozen states, comprising approximately a quarter of the nation's high school seniors, have implemented similar merit scholarship programs. Using individual-level data from the ACT exams, I find that the program did not achieve one of its stated goals, inducing more students to prefer to stay in Tennessee for college, but it did induce large increases in performance on the ACT. This suggests that policies that reward students for performance affect behavior and may be an effective way to improve high school achievement.by Amanda Dawn Pallais.Ph.D

Auto Dealership Engagement Manual, Volume 1

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2169/thumbnail.jp

Auto Dealership Engagement Manual, Volume 2

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/2170/thumbnail.jp

Evaluating Econometric Evaluations of Post-Secondary Aid

In an ongoing evaluation of post-secondary financial aid, we use random assignment to assess the causal effects of large privately-funded aid awards. Here, we compare the unbiased causal effect estimates from our RCT with two types of non-experimental econometric estimates. The first applies a selection-on-observables assumption in data from an earlier, nonrandomized cohort; the second uses a regression discontinuity design. Selection-on-observables methods generate estimates well below the experimental benchmark. Regression discontinuity estimates are similar to experimental estimates for students near the cutoff, but sensitive to controlling for the running variable, which is unusually coarse.Susan Thompson Buffett FoundationMassachusetts Institute of Technology. School Effectiveness & Inequality Initiative (Seed Fund

Mejoramiento del sistema de control de inventarios de la empresa Auto Nica S.A. durante el período 2002-2003

Tesis (Ingeniero Industrial)--Universidad Americana, Managua, 2003Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar el plan de mejoramiento del sistema de control de inventarios de los repuestos de Toyota de la empresa Auto Nica S.A de Nicaragua, diagnóstico de la situación actual del sistema de inventarios para terminar y analizar la problemática actual y los puntos que se deben mejorar, diagnóstico para generar un mayor nivel de servicio, disminuir el Stock Month y aumentar la rentabilidad por medio de la implementación de diferente matrices

Re-figuring informational texts when using Spanish to create and teach with them in a bilingual teacher preparation program : Latino contributions to linguistics and pedagogy

This dissertation investigated how a group of Spanish-speaking bilinguals immersed in a transformative bilingual preparation program discursively responded to mainstream visions about academic Spanish and literacy teaching sedimented historically and systemically for bilingual education communities. Data sources combined curriculum artifacts submitted during bilingual teacher preparation courses and retrospective interviews. Gee's (2014) notion of the seven building tasks of language and the theory and tools of figured worlds guided the data analysis. Findings pointed to linguistic and pedagogical contributions that emanated from creating and teaching with Spanish informational texts when the latter incorporate the background knowledge and experiences of Latinos in the US. Attention to these findings can support conceptual models and teacher education efforts regarding academic Spanish, pedagogical efforts towards informational texts, and policy initiatives regarding simultaneous bilingualism, an area in need of research attention (Escamilla, 2014). In addition, results reinforce the potential of teacher education contexts that focus on strengths, rather than on deficit paradigms.Curriculum and Instructio

Predicción de colisiones de aves contra torres eólicas en Rivas, Nicaragua, antes de su construcción, 2010-2011.

El estudio se realizó en la central eólica Eolo de Nicaragua S.A, al sur de Rivas, en la etapa de pre construcción, en los meses de septiembre a octubre del 2011 (ocho días) durante la migración de otoño de norte a sur de las aves, y de marzo a abril del 2012 (ocho días) durante la migración de primavera de sur a norte. El monitoreo se realizó en cuatro tipos de hábitat: bosque ripario, costa del Lago Cocibolca, pastizales con árboles y pastizales sin árboles, en estas dos últimas áreas es donde se esperaba la construcción de las torres eólicas. En cada hábitat se monitoreó a las aves residentes y migratorias dos veces por día, totalizando ocho días de monitoreo por hábitat. El Índice de Vulnerabilidad de Aves (IVA) se calculó seleccionando nueve factores valorados en una escala que va de 1 hasta 4 (menor a mayor vulnerabilidad) y asignados en dos grupos: a) aquellos factores que tienen que ver con el riesgo de colisión (altura de vuelo, tipo de vuelo, longitud alar, peso, estatus y abundancia) y b) con factores que relaciona las colisiones con la sensibilidad de las especies (estado reproductivo, estado de conservación internacional y estado de conservación nacional). Los promedios de ambos grupos se multiplicaron para obtener el IVA de cada especie por hábitat