Performance evaluation of fungal biofilters packed with Pall rings, lava rock, and perlite for a-pinene removal

[Abstract] The most suitable packing material for biofiltration of a-pinene was selected among Pall rings, lava rock, and perlite. In the present study, several biofilters fed a-pinene-polluted air were inoculated with a new fungal isolate of Ophiostoma stenoceras. The biofilters were packed either with lava rock or Pall rings alone or with a mixture of perlite and Pall rings. During the approximately 9 months operation, a-pinene’s removal efficiency, pressure drops, pH dependence and removal profile were evaluated. a-Pinene removal efficiencies were above 93.8%, 79.4% and 58.6% at an inlet loading rate of 100 g.m-3.h-1 in the biofilters packed with Pall rings, lava rock, and a mixture of Pall rings and perlite, respectively. The fungus preferred to grow in lava rock and the mixture of Pall rings and perlite instead of Pall rings alone. Moreover, with sufficient nutrients and buffer solution, the biofilter packed with the mixture of Pall rings and perlite reached the highest elimination capacity compared to the other two packing materials. The pressure drop of the biofilter packed with the mixture of Pall rings and perlite did not exceed 11 mm H2O.m-1. The low-pressure drop reached when using the mixture of Pall rings and perlite as packing material allows to conveniently prevent clogging and channeling problems often associated with conventional biofilter operations

Measurement Properties of ID-PALL, A New Instrument for the Identification of Patients With General and Specialized Palliative Care Needs.

To improve access to palliative care, identification of patients in need of general or specialized palliative care is necessary. To our knowledge, no available identification instrument makes this distinction. ID-PALL is a screening instrument developed to differentiate between these patient groups. To assess the structural and criterion validity and the inter-rater agreement of ID-PALL. In this multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study, nurses and physicians assessed medical patients hospitalized for 2 to 5 days in two tertiary hospitals in Switzerland using ID-PALL. For the criterion validity, these assessments were compared to a clinical gold standard evaluation performed by palliative care specialists. Structural validity, internal consistency and inter-rater agreement were assessed. 2232 patients were assessed between January and December 2018, 97% by nurses and 50% by physicians. The variances for ID-PALL G and S are explained by two factors, the first one explaining most of the variance in both cases. For ID-PALL G, sensitivity ranged between 0.80 and 0.87 and specificity between 0.56 and 0.59. ID-PALL S sensitivity ranged between 0.82 and 0.94, and specificity between 0.35 and 0.64. A cut-off value of 1 delivered the optimal values for patient identification. Cronbach's alpha was 0.78 for ID-PALL G and 0.67 for ID-PALL S. The agreement rate between nurses and physicians was 71.5% for ID-PALL G and 64.6% for ID-PALL S. ID-PALL is a promising screening instrument allowing the early identification of patients in need of general or specialized palliative care. It can be used by nurses and physicians without a specialized palliative care training. Further testing of the finalized clinical version appears warranted

Accounting for Health and Safety costs: Review and comparison of selected methods

A part of the emerging sustainability management accounting is corporate health and safety performance. One performance dimension is the costs of occupational accidents in companies. The underlying logic for calculating these costs is that if occupational accidents are prevented then these costs could be avoided. This chapter presents and discusses selected methods for calculating the costs of occupational accidents. The focus is on presenting the characteristics of each method and disclosing the benefits and drawbacks of each methodNo keywords;

Mass transfer in a gas-solid packed column at trickle flow

The height of an overall transfer unit has been evaluated in a gas—solid packed column at trickle flow by measuring column performance during steady state adsorption experiments. Results have been interpreted with an extraction model: mass transfer and axial dispersion in both phases. Using Bodenstein numbers for the gas and solid phases from a previous investigation the height of a true transfer unit has been calculated.\ud \ud The column was filled with dumped Pall rings, the solid phase was a freely flowing catalyst carrier, and the gas phase was air at ambient conditions containing freon-12 as adsorbing component.\ud \ud At low gas velocities column performance is entirely determined by axial dispersion but at higher gas velocities mass transfer limitations become important. For conditions of practical importance the height of a true transfer unit corresponds to 4 – 9 Pall ring layers

Axial dispersion of gas and solid phases in a gas—solid packed column at trickle flow

Axial dispersion of gas and solid phases in a gas—solid packed column at trickle flow, a promising new countercurrent operation, was evaluated using residence time distribution (RTD) experiments. The column was packed with dumped Pall rings, the gas phase was air at ambient conditions and the solid was a porous catalyst carrier.\ud \ud The RTD experiments for the solid phase were carried out using the “perfect pulse method”, while for the gas phase the “imperfect pulse method” was used. The model parameters were calculated by the methods of moments and various parameter optimization methods.\ud \ud At a given solid flow rate axial dispersion of the gas phase decreases with increasing gas velocity and is strongly dependent upon solid mass flux. Axial dispersion of the solid phase is approximately independent of the gas velocity and it is reduced if the solid mass flux is increased. For conditions of practical importance, 2 – 5 and 5 – 15 Pall ring layers correspond to the height of a mixing unit in the gas and solid phase, respectively

ANTONIMI DALAM IKLAN PALL MALL : KAJIAN STILISTIKA LEKSIKAL

This study aims to analyze the stylistics or language styles contained in Pall Mall advertisements. Pall Mall is a multinational company based in many countries, so it requires media to deliver to consumers, namely advertisements. In the Pall Mall advertisement, there is a language style that has a unique meaning relationship construction. The purpose of the construction of the meaning relation is of course to attract the attention of consumers. More specifically, the style of language listed in the Pall Mall advertisement is the construction of meaning relations related to opposition or commonly referred to as antonymy. The use of antonymy in Pall Mall advertisements is unique. Even in one of the Pall Mall advertisements there is a slogan that the opposition attracts our attention. Because Pall Mall ad text is an ellipsis sentence construction, parts of other sentence elements such as subject and predicate are not included. Because the original data is an ellipsis sentence, before analyzing the form of antonymy or opposition, the Pall Mall ad text is returned to a complete sentence, namely by paraphrasing. This is because sentence construction is related to the context and situation of communication, without paying attention to the context and situation of speech with elliptical construction has the possibility to be multiple interpretations. The theory used is the antonymy language style theory by Krifka and Ridwan as well as other supporting theories. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. The object to be studied is in the form of six Pall Mall ad texts that were found and downloaded via a web page. The results of the study showed that the six data analyzed were antonymy texts in the form of five gradual opposition data which had different levels, including positive, comparative and superlative levels. These levels of comparison have different functions.                                                            At the positive or neutral stage, it shows two things have the same quality. The comparative stage has a function to compare two objects or things, one of which has 'more' properties than the other. While the superlative stage, the thing that is being spoken has the 'most' character among other things. In addition, the last data is directional opposition or direktionale Opposition which is related to the temporal adverbs or temporale Adverbien

Макро- і мікроелементи в лікарських рослинах золошлаковідвалів Бурштинської ТЕС

Вивчено макро- і мікроелементний склад Artemisia absinthium L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. та Hippophae rhamnoides L. золошлаковідвалів Бурштинської ТЕС. Проведено порівняльний аналіз вмісту макро- і мікроелементів лікарських рослин на різних типах золошлаковідвалів.Изучен макро- и микроелементный состав Artemisia absinthium L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. и Hippophae rhamnoides L. золошлакоотвалов Бурштинской ТЕС. Проведен сравнительный анализ содержания макро- и микроелементов лекарственных растений на разных золошлакоотвалах.Content of macro- and microelements in Artemisia absinthium L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Hippophae rhamnoides L. of Burshtynska TEPS was studied. Comparative analysis of macro- and microelements contents in medicinal plants of different types of asheslag dumps has been carried out

Experienced and Novice Investors: Does Environmental Information Influence on Investment Allocation Decisions?

This paper examines the effect of environmental information on the investment decisions of investors. The motivation for the experimental design applied in this study is that unless actual decision making is observed, the potential usefulness of environmental information (or lack thereof) cannot be taken for granted. The study is based on an experiment where groups of investors (varied by experience) were asked to make investment allocation decisions based on financial information and on supplementary environmental information (varied between cases). As an investment allocation decision (varied by investment horizons) the groups were asked to allocate funds to two companies based on the available information. The findings suggest that environmental information has the potential to influence investment allocation decisions. The findings also suggest that the influence of environmental information on investment allocation decisions is mitigated by the variables considered explicitly in this study, i.e., the investment horizon (varied as short and long) and investor experience (varied as novice and experienced investor). It is concluded that because allocation decisions are multifaceted problems, mixed results related to the influence of environmental information should be expectedEnvironmental reporting; Environmental disclosures; Allocation; Decision making; Investment horizon; Investors; Experiment;