Coarse Graining RNA Nanostructures for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

A series of coarse-grained models have been developed for the study of the molecular dynamics of RNA nanostructures. The models in the series have one to three beads per nucleotide and include different amounts of detailed structural information. Such a treatment allows us to reach, for the systems of thousands of nucleotides, a time scale of microseconds (i.e. by three orders of magnitude longer than in the full atomistic modelling) and thus to enable simulations of large RNA polymers in the context of bionanotechnology. We find that the 3-beads-per-nucleotide models, described by a set of just a few universal parameters, are able to describe different RNA conformations and are comparable in structural precision to the models where detailed values of the backbone P-C4' dihedrals taken from a reference structure are included. These findings are discussed in the context of the RNA conformation classes

Співвідношення можливості та дійсності у правозастосуванні

Палій О. М. Співвідношення можливості та дійсності у правозастосуванні : автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 12.00.12 / О. М. Палій; кер. роботи Л. М. Сумарокова; Нац. ун.-т "Одеська юридична академія". – Одеса, 2014. – 16 с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.12 – філософія права. – Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія». – Одеса, 2014. У дисертації здійснено комплексне дослідження різних аспектів співвідношення можливості та дійсності у правозастосовній діяльності. В межах проведеного дослідження одержані результати, які мають наукову новизну, зумовлену розв’язанням актуальних проблем у сфері правозастосування, які досі не отримали достатньої розробки у науковій літературі. Загальнометодологічне поняття диспозитивності використовується для аналізу правових норм і процесів правозастосування. Формулюються критерії для вимірювання ступеня здійсненності норм права: співвіднесеність даної норми права з іншими правовими нормами, співвіднесеність норми права з цілями і цінностями суспільства, співвіднесеність з практичними механізмами здійснення права, прийнятність правових приписів для суспільства і сприйняття їх адресатами. Аналізується проблема значимості суб’єктів правозастосування для ефективності правозастосування. Обґрунтовується теза про те, що суб’єкт правозастосування повинен мати всі ознаки дійсної людини у філософському її розумінні, тобто з урахуванням його особистісних якостей.Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.12 – философия права. – Национальный университет «Одесская юридическая академия». – Одесса, 2014. В диссертации осуществлено комплексное исследование различных аспектов соотношения возможности и действительности в правоприменительной деятельности. В рамках проведенного исследования получены результаты, имеющие научную новизну, обусловленную решением актуальных проблем в сфере правоприменения, которые не получили достаточной разработки в научной литературе. На основе анализа категорий возможности и действительности как философских категорий, уточнены понятия правовой возможности и правовой действительности. Общеметодологическое понятие диспозитивности модифицируется для контекстов анализа правовых норм и процессов правоприменения. Вводятся понятия диспозитивности норм права, диспозитивности поведения адресатов норм и субъектов правоприменения. Формулируются критерии для измерения степени осуществимости норм права: соотнесенность данной нормы права с другими правовыми нормами (степень связности системы норм), соотнесенность нормы права с действующими целями и ценностями общества (релевантность нормы аксиосфере права и аксиосфере культуры), соотнесенность с практическими механизмами осуществления права (наличие заранее установленного алгоритма практического осуществления возможности), а также приемлемость правовых предписаний для общества, принятие их адресатами. Автор, анализируя дискуссии по поводу структуры правоприменения, отстаивает точку зрения, которая заключается в том, что завершающей стадией процесса правоприменения следует считать осуществление решения специализированного органа, поскольку только после полного восстановления нарушенного или затрудненного правоотношения норму права можно считать примененной, а процесс правоприменения завершенным. Анализируется проблема значимости субъектов правоприменения для эффективности правоприменения. Обосновывается тезис о том, что субъект правоприменения должен обладать всеми признаками действительного человека в философском его понимании, то есть с учетом его профессиональных и личностных качеств. Действительный человек – это единство и полнота всех проявлений его человеческой сущности во всех сферах его бытия: духовной, практической, поведенческой и т.д. Обосновано, что философское образование играет важнейшую роль в процессе подготовки субъекта правоприменения, в его воспитании как целостной личности, то есть «действительного человека». Философское знание помогает человеку в формировании мировоззрения как самосознания и как важного регулятива профессиональной деятельности.The thesis for a Candidate of Law Degree in the Specialty 12.00.12 – Philosophy of Law. – National University «Odessa Law Academy». – Odessa, 2014. The thesis presents a comprehensive study of various aspects of possibility and reality correspondence in the law enforcement. As part of the research the results of the scientific novelty have been got due to the solution of actual problems in the field of the law enforcement which have not received an adequate development in the scientific literature. The optionality general methodological concept is modified to the context of analyzing legal rules and law enforcement processes. The criteria for measuring the law feasibility degree are formulated: the correlation of enforcing legal norm with other legal norms, the correlation of the enforcing legal norm with the goals and values of the society, correlation with the practical implementation of the legal mechanisms and the acceptability of legal norms for the society and their clearness for the addressees. The problem of the subjects of the law enforcement significance for the law enforcement effectivity is analyzed. The thesis that the law enforcement subject should have all the characteristics of a real person in his philosophical sense, taking into account his personal qualities, is justified

Distribution of poultry ectoparasites in industrial farms, farms, and private plots with different rearing technologies

One of the problems in growing and keeping poultry, both in industrial and farm and kitchen garden environments is ectoparasites, which are responsible for lowering the productivity of poultry and causing economic losses. The study of the prevalence and diagnosis of bird ectoparasites on poultry farms with different maintenance technologies is important for the further development of integrated methods for combating them. Our research was conducted during 2006–2017 in 16 regions of Ukraine and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. In total, 38 poultry farms specializing in egg production with poultry kept in battery cages, 18 poultry houses specializing in egg production with poultry kept on the floor and more than 150 farm and kitchen garden poultry houses for keeping chickens, turkeys, quails, guinea fowl and pigeons were examined. We found that, both with battery cages and when poultry are kept on the floor in poultry farms, the most common ectoparasites are chicken mites (Dermanyssus gallinae), which causes the disease of dermanyssiosis. It was determined that the extensivity of the invasion was, on average, from 56% to 80%. Also, in the chickens and turkeys, mallophages (Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus), which cause mallophagoses, were detected, and the extensivity of the invasion ranged from 27% to 45%. In farms and kitchen gardens where chickens, guinea fowl and quails were kept, the number of chicken mites in 1 g substrate was more than a thousand live mites, in dovecotes chicken mites were found in 50% to 100% of nests. In chickens and turkeys, besides the chicken mite, bird lice were found. In chickens, extensivity of invasion of M. gallinae, M. stramineus, Lipeurus variabilis, ranged from 15% to 22%, in turkeys, extensivity of invasion of M. gallinae and M. stramineus ranged from 16% to 25%. The scaly leg mite (Knemidocoptes mutans), which causes the disease knemidocoptiasis ("lame leg"), was detected in incubating hens over the age of two years, the extensivity of the invasion ranged from 5% to 7%. It was established that in poultry farms, both in battery cages and when the birds were kept on the floor, the main ectoparasite in chickens, guinea fowl and quail is red chicken mite (D. gallinae), and on poultry farms and kitchen gardens in addition to the chicken mite, three types of bird lice (M. gallinae, M. stramineus, L. variabilis) and K. mutans were found

Endoparasitoses of the Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) on the northern Black Sea coast of Ukraine

One of the main tasks of ecological parasitology at the present stage is to determine patterns of spread of invasive diseases of poultry in the environment through a thorough epidemiological examination, as well as to determine the main directions and factors of spread of parasites in Ukraine. Some pigeon health problems can affect their populations, but parasitic infections play an important role. Our research found that 83.3% of Eurasian collared doves examined (Streptopelia decaocto) were affected by endoparasites. The commonest helminths were Raillietina spp. with the average invasion intensity of 4.9 ± 1.3 specimens/ind., Baruscapillaria spp. and Ascaridia columbae with an invasion intensity of 4.6 ± 1.5 and 3.7 ± 2.1 specimens/ind., respectively. The commonest cestodes were Raillietina spp. with the extent of invasion of 52.2% and Davainea proglottina – 6.7%. The Amoebotaenia cuneata cestodes were recorded in 3 (3.3%) doves, and Echinolepis carioca – only in 2 (2.2%) doves. Six doves (6.7%) were infected with the nematode Ascaridia columbae and 5 (5.6%) – Baruscapillaria spp. Eimerian oocysts were found in 9 (10%) collared doves, and Trichomonas gallinae was recorded in 15 (16.7%) birds. According to the results of helminthological autopsy and identification of the isolated pathogens, 8 varieties of mixinvasions were identified. In association with the Rayetins, there were the protozoa Eimeria spp. and Trichomonas gallinae and the nematode Ascaridia columbae. Two-component invasions were registered in 78.6% of doves, three-component infestations in 14.3% and four-component infestations in 7.1% of birds. Mixed infection with Raillietina spp. + Ascaridia columbae was found in the small intestine of Streptopelia decaocto, which was also pathomorphologically observed to have catarrhal-hemorrhagic enteritis, which was accompanied by the formation of a large number of spotted hemorrhages on the mucous membrane, and in the places of attachment of cestodes - necrotic-caseous areas. Temperature and other weather conditions such as humidity, precipitation, etc. of the northern Black Sea coast affect the population size of intermediate host cestodes. Continuous monitoring of invasive diseases of pigeons of different species will help to take the necessary preventive measures against endoparasitoses of birds

Single-poly floating-gate memory cell options for analog neural networks

In this paper, we explore the use of a 180 nm CMOS single-poly technology platform for realizing analog Deep Neural Network integrated circuits. The analysis focuses on analog vector–matrix multiplier architectures, one of the main building blocks of a neural network, implementing in-memory computation using Floating-Gate multi-level non-volatile memories. We present two memory options, suited either for current-mode or for time-domain vector–matrix multiplier implementations, with low–voltage charge-injection program and erase operations. The effects of a limited accuracy are also investigated through system-level simulations, by accounting for the temperature dependence of the stored weights and the corresponding impact on the network error rate

Dynamical transitions in correlated driven diffusion in a periodic potential

The diffusion of a two-dimensional array of particles driven by a constant force in the presence of a periodic external potential exhibits a hierarchy of dynamical phase transitions when the driving force is varied. This behavior can be explained by a simple phenomenological approach which reduces the system of strongly interacting particles to weakly interacting quasi-particles (kinks). The richness of the strongly coupled system is however not lost because, contrary to a single-Brownian particle, the array shows an hysteretic behavior even at non-zero temperature. The present investigation can be viewed as a first step toward understanding nanotribology.Comment: 4 pages, 3 pictures, revtex to appear in Phys Rev. Let

Parasites of domestic and wild pigeons in the south of Ukraine

Pigeons are closely related to human life and are both a source of food and object for hobbies and sports. Parasitic diseases of birds are the main reason for their growth retardation, reduced productivity and viability. The article presents the results of studying the prevalence of trichomonosis, cestodes and nematodes among the population of wild and domestic pigeons in the south of Ukraine. According to the results of the conducted researches it is established that in the south of Ukraine endoparasitoses of domestic and wild pigeons are quite widespread, and all species of this bird are carriers of Trichomonas gallinae. At the same time, the highest rate of Trichomonas infection was recorded in Columba palambus and C. livia domestica, and the overall infestation of males is higher by 4.4% compared to females. It was determined that domestic pigeons C. livia domestica were infested with trichomonosis (27.5%) and nematodes (Ascaridia columbae, 57.1%), C. palambus – trichomonosis (32.1%) and cestodes (Raillietina spp., 82.4%), Streptopelia turtur – cestodes (Raillietina spp., 12.5%) and S. decaocto – cestodes (Raillietina spp., 71.4%) and nematodes (Heterakis gallinarum, A. columbae – 33.3% and 44.4% respectively). The overall rate of infestation of pigeons with cestodes was 28.4% and the incidence in males was higher by 3.9% compared to females. It was found that the most common species among pigeon cestodes is Raillietina spp. In addition, 22.9% of pigeons are carriers of nematodes (H. gallinarum, A. columbae and Capillaria spp.). Continuous monitoring of pigeon parasites is necessary because they, in most cases, come into contact with other species of poultry and are a source of general invasion. In terms of further research, it would be promising to study the prevalence of helminthic infestation among wild migratory birds

Endoparasites of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) in Southern Ukraine

One of the main tasks of ecological parasitology at the present stage is to establish patterns of spread of invasive diseases of animals in the environment through a thorough epidemiological examination, as well as to determine the main directions and factors of spread of parasites in Ukraine. Among the many pathogens, endoparasites play a major role in a number of diseases in rabbits with increased morbidity and mortality. In the body of both wild and domestic rabbits several species of parasites that form a parasitocenosis can be localized. The latter have a pathogenic effect on organs and tissues, leading to reduced weight gain, premature slaughter and even mortality. The prevalence of endoparasitoses was studied in weaned rabbits 60 days of age, 120 days of age at fattening, 180 days of age – mating age and adults of 320 days of age to determine the extensiveness and intensity of the dominant invasion. A total of 720 head was studied, 180 animals from each age group. Three species of nematodes were recorded in the rabbits: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800), Nematodirus leporis (Ransom, 1907) and Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819); the cestode Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780); three species of Emeria: Eimeria stiedae (Lindermann, 1865), which parasitizes in the bile ducts of the liver and gallbladder, E. magna (Perard, 1925) and E. media (Kessel, 1929) – in the epithelial cells of the intestine. The prevalence of the infestation depends on the age of the animals. According to the data obtained, eimeriosis was one of the main parasitic diseases of the rabbits. Dominant invasions of Eimeria in the intestines of 60-day-old rabbits were found in the studied animals, their extensiveness reached 19.4%, while the spread of hepatic Eimeria was registered in 13.3% of the examined rabbits. The total infestation of weaned rabbits with helminths was 22.2%, in rabbits for fattening – 26.7%, and in rabbits of mating age and adults – 20.0% and 20.6%, respectively. Global climate change will change the distribution and dynamics of soil-borne helminthiases, but host immunity may also affect host-parasite interactions. Subsequent studies will be aimed at elucidating the effect of mono and mixed invasions on the body of rabbits. Updated data on helminthiasis will expand the screening strategy to maintain rabbit health and reduce economic losses

Driven Dynamics: A Probable Photodriven Frenkel-Kontorova Model

In this study, we examine the dynamics of a one-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova chain consisting of nanosize clusters (the ''particles'') and photochromic molecules (the ''bonds''), and being subjected to a periodic substrate potential. Whether the whole chain should be running or be locked depends on both the frequency and the wavelength of the light (keeping the other parameters fixed), as observed through numerical simulation. In the locked state, the particles are bound at the bottom of the external potential and vibrate backwards and forwards at a constant amplitude. In the running state, the initially fed energy is transformed into directed motion as a whole. It is of interest to note that the driving energy is introduced to the system by the irradiation of light, and the driven mechanism is based on the dynamical competition between the inherent lengths of the moving object (the chain) and the supporting carrier (the isotropic surface). However, the most important is that the light-induced conformational changes of the chromophore lead to the time-and-space dependence of the rest lengths of the bonds.Comment: 4 pages,5 figure