25 research outputs found
Long-Term Kidney Function, Proteinuria, and Associated Risks among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men in the MACS
Background: Factors affecting kidney function and proteinuria among HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV–) persons need better characterization.
Methods: We evaluated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2) changes, proteinuria prevalence (a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of ≥0.2 at two consecutive visits) and associated factors among HIV+ and HIV− men.
Results: There were 917 HIV+ men receiving HAART, 159 HIV+ men not receiving HAART, and 1305 HIV− men seen from October 2003 to September 2014. Median annual eGFR change was −0.5, −0.8% for HIV+ and −0.3% for HIV− men (P < 0.001). Factors significantly (P < 0.05) associated with more than 3% annual eGFR decline were HAART receipt (but no specific antiretroviral drug), age more than 50, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking. Proteinuria existed in 14.9% of visit-pairs among HAART recipients, 5.8% among non-HAART recipients, and 1.9% among HIV− men, and was associated with subsequent annual more than 3% eGFR decline (odds ratio 1.80, P < 0.001). Proteinuria-associated factors also included HAART use (vs. HIV−), age at least 50 (vs. <40), diabetes, hypertension, current smoking, hepatitis C virus-infection (all P < 0.05) and, among HIV+ men, lower CD4+ cell count, didanosine, saquinavir, or nelfinavir use (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for proteinuria, among HAART users, having a detectable HIV RNA, cumulative use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, ritonavir, atazanavir, any protease inhibitor, or fluconazole were associated with more than 3% annual eGFR decline.
Conclusion: Longitudinal kidney function decline was associated with HAART use but no individual antiretroviral drug, and traditional kidney disease risks. Proteinuria was nearly seven times more common in HAART-treated men than HIV− men, reflected recent eGFR decline and predicted subsequent eGFR declin
Understanding the facilitators and barriers of antiretroviral adherence in Peru: A qualitative study
Long-term immunologic and virologic responses on raltegravir-containing regimens among ART-experienced participants in the HIV Outpatient Study
Selection steps flowchart of HOPS participants included in the analysis.
<p>Selection steps flowchart of HOPS participants included in the analysis.</p
Trends of viral suppression by race/ethnicity, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2015 (N = 809).
<p>Trends of viral suppression by race/ethnicity, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2015 (N = 809).</p
Trends of viral suppression among women by race/ethnicity, the HIV Outpatient Study, USA, 2010–2015 (N = 809).
<p>Proportion confidence intervals were obtained using the OpenEpi version 3.01 Mid-P Exact Method.</p
Characteristics of women receiving HIV Care, by year, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2015 (N = 809).
<p>Characteristics of women receiving HIV Care, by year, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2015 (N = 809).</p
Characteristics of women participants at baseline<sup>†</sup>, by race/ethnicity, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2015 (N = 809).
<p>Characteristics of women participants at baseline<sup><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189973#t001fn001" target="_blank">†</a></sup>, by race/ethnicity, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2015 (N = 809).</p
Multivariate predictions of CKD stage 1 or greater using either iohexol-based GFR (iGFR) or estimated GFR (eGFR), for (A) all participants and (B) HIV-infected (HIV(+)) participants only.
<p>Odds ratios (solid boxes) and 95 percent confidence intervals (bars) were obtained from multivariate logistic regression models.</p