Prevalência da síndrome de burnout em professores de uma universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais / Prevalence of burnout syndrome in teachers at a university of the State of Minas Gerais

As condições sociais de trabalho e o estresse psicológico vivenciado decorrido dele atuam como fator de risco ocupacional, sendo capaz de afetar na prática toda a população economicamente ativa. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a prevalência da síndrome de burnout em docentes do ensino superior de uma universidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, com 29 docentes da área de exatas, 32 da área de humanas e 52 da área de biológicas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um questionário sócio demográfico para a construção do perfil profissional e comportamental dos participantes. Já para avaliação da síndrome foi utilizada a escala Maslach Burnout Inventory (versão em português), tabulados em planilha eletrônica. Diante disso, verificou-se que 38% da área de exatas, 37,5 % da área de humanas e 25% da área de biológicas são acometidos pela síndrome de burnout devido à presença do Score alto na dimensão de Exaustão Emocional, Despersonalização e Score baixo em Realização Pessoal, o que impõe a constatação de que a área de exatas é a mais afetada pela síndrome, seguida pela área de humanas e por fim, a área de biológicas. É sugestivo que fatores como sexo, idade, estado civil, grau acadêmico, quantidade de vínculos empregatícios, jornada de trabalho semanal, turno de trabalho, renda mensal, tempo de trabalho, filiação, religião, prática de atividade física, horas dormida por noite, alimentação equilibrada podem exercer influências como potencializadores, ou fatores de proteção da síndrome

Development of an In-Vitro Model to Study the Effect of Shear and Biomaterial on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Release by Blood Neutrophils and HL-60 Cells

Cardiovascular biomaterials are essential for the support of damaged or diseased cardiovascular tissue and structures. Their applications include stents, heart valves, vascular grafts, and pacemakers. The success of these biomaterials is crucial for improving patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life. Shear stress, the frictional force exerted by flowing blood on the surface of cardiovascular biomaterials, can directly influence the performance and stability of these materials. Studying the impact of shear stress can aid in the development of improved biomaterials. Neutrophils (PMNs) are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body’s immune system and defend against infection. In addition to their conventional role in phagocytosing and killing pathogens, neutrophils employ another defense mechanism known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These web-like structures are released by neutrophils to immobilize and eliminate microbes and are composed of DNA as well as antimicrobial proteins. With the introduction of a biomaterial into the body, neutrophils respond by releasing inflammatory mediators and forming NETs. Previous studies have revealed that NETs form on the surface of a variety of biomaterials, however, the effect of shear on NETosis in the presence of a biomaterial has not been examined in blood neutrophils or in the neutrophil-like HL-60 cell line model. In this study, an in-vitro model was developed to assess the effect of shear on NETosis in the presence of silicone, a common biomaterial. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donor blood and differentiated HL-60s were exposed to either static or dynamic conditions. Following exposure, NETs and neutrophil activation were measured using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer and the silicone surface was characterized by immunofluorescence. Preliminary HL-60 results indicate that two populations of cells are present during analysis: healthy and damaged. With the inclusion of both populations during analysis, results show that shear, in the presence of a plasma-coated biomaterial, increases the number of cells undergoing NETosis and results in a small, elevated, NET marker release as shown by expression levels of the antimicrobial protein myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone (citH3). In blood-isolated neutrophils, shear also increases the number of cells undergoing NETosis, however there is a minimal change in NET marker expression. For both cell types, immunofluorescence staining reveals that NETs largely aggregated on the silicone surface, presenting the need to further explore and quantify NETosis on the biomaterial. When the complement system is inactivated under shear conditions by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), the NET signal is reduced in both HL-60 cells and blood neutrophils. Using the developed model, results support the idea that shear modulates NETosis in the presence of a biomaterial and may play a role in the distribution of NETs between the material surface and circulation. Given the difference in NETosis response between HL-60 cells and PMNs, the HL-60 cell line may not be an accurate and appropriate model to investigate NET and material interactions under shear. To better characterize the mechanisms involved in NETosis on the biomaterial and under shear, the silicone surface and the aggregates found therein should be further analyzed

Building information modeling in infrastructure : an analysis of obstacles and opportunities for increased implementation of BIM

Samhället är under ständig digitalisering där ny teknik utvecklas och effektiviseras dagligen. Detta gör det möjligt att använda teknik på ett annat sätt än tidigare möjligt, inte minst inom byggindustrin. Det traditionella arbetssättet med 2D-ritningar har utvecklats till 3D-modeller och begreppet BIM (byggnadsinformationsmodeller) har sakta börjat etablera sig inom den svenska anläggningsbranschen. Definitionen av BIM är dock fortfarande svårdefinierad och det finns många olika åsikter om vad akronymen egentligen innebär. BIM är ett arbetssätt som bygger på virtuell projektering med ett konstant informationsflöde mellan olika parter i ett projekt. För att uppnå effektiv kommunikation används en 3D-modell där all information samlas och uppdateras av projektets konsulter allt eftersom projektet fortgår. Detta medför att alla parter har tillgång till korrekt information vid rätt tid. Företaget har arbetat med BIM i några år nu och har sett stora fördelar där huvudfokus i dagsläget ligger på stora multidisciplinära projekt där flera olika teknikområden ska arbeta tillsammans. Inom företaget används BIM främst inom projekteringsfasen där de största användningsområdena är samordning, visualisering och kalkylering. Vid ett effektivt användande av BIM kan man både spara tid och pengar. Trots att BIM har många fördelar går implementeringen sakta framåt. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka hinder och möjligheter det finns för en ökad implementering av BIM i anläggningsprojekt. Studien har genomförts som en kvalitativ forskningsstudie där information från en litteraturstudie har analyserat och jämförts med information från en intervjustudie. Intervjustudien har genomförts med olika konsulter på företaget med mål att kartlägga deras syn på BIM och hur en ökad implementeringen skulle kunna ske. Studien visar att bilden av BIM har förändrats från 3D-modeller till ett helt nytt arbetssätt där de främsta användningsområdena anses vara informationsutbyte, kommunikation, samordning, visualisering, kollisionskontroller, beräkning av mänger och kalkyler. Trots många fördelar med BIM finns det även en osäkerhet kring en ökad implementering. Ett av hindren är att beställarna i dagsläget inte efterfrågar BIM i alla anläggningsprojekt och det blir då företagets egna beslut att genomföra BIM samt göra det lönsamt. I dagsläget är inte BIM nog effektiviserat för att användas i alla projekt, men vid en ordentlig satsning av företaget med nya standardiseringar och mallar kan arbetssättet bli lönsamt i större utsträckning då BIM har visat på stora fördelar.    Slutsatsen från studien är att BIM är ett paradigmskifte och framtidens arbetssätt. För att företaget ska kunna konkurrera om alla projekt på marknaden framöver krävs det att företaget ständigt utvecklas. Som man brukar uttrycka det: den som slutar utvecklas kommer tillslut att bli omsprungen.   Society is under constant digitization, where new technology is developed and streamlined daily. This makes it possible to use technology in different ways than before. The construction industry is no different. The traditional way of working with 2D-drawings has been developed into 3D-models and the concept of BIM (building information models) has slowly started to establish itself in the Swedish construction industry. However, the definition of BIM is still difficult to determine and there are many different opinions about what the acronym really means. BIM is a way of working that is based on virtual design and construction with a constant flow of information between the different parties in the project. To achieve effective communication, a 3D-model is used where all information is available and updated by the project parties as the project proceeds. This means that all parties have access to the current information regarding the project in real-time. The company has been working with BIM for a few years now, and has seen great benefits where the main focus currently lies on large multidisciplinary projects where several different technology areas work together. Within the company, BIM is used primarily in the design phase, where the largest areas of application are coordination, visualization and calculation. When using BIM effectively, you can save both time and money. Although BIM has many benefits, the implementation is progressing very slowly. The purpose of the study is to investigate the obstacles and opportunities for increased implementation of BIM in construction projects. The study has been conducted as a qualitative research study where information from literature has been analyzed and compared with information from interviews. The interview study has been carried out with various consultants at the company with the goal of mapping their experience of BIM, the use within the company and how an increased implementation could take place. The study shows that the image of BIM has changed from 3D-models to a completely new way of working where the main areas of use are considered to be information exchange, communication, coordination, visualization, collision checks and calculation of quantities. Despite many advantages with BIM, there is also an uncertainty surrounding an increased implementation. One obstacle to overcome is that clients not always request BIM in their various construction projects, and it will then be the company's own decision to implement BIM and make it profitable. At present, BIM is not efficient enough for use in all projects, but in the case of a proper investment by the company with focus on new standardizations and rules, the working method can be profitable to a greater extent as BIM has shown great advantages so far. The conclusion from the study is that BIM is a paradigm shift and the future way of working. In order for the company to be able to compete for all projects in the future, the company must constantly develop

The Effect of Some 4,2 and 5,2 Bisthiazole Derivatives on Nitro-Oxidative Stress and Phagocytosis in Acute Experimental Inflammation

Nineteen bisthiazoles were tested in order to assess their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. First, we evaluated the in vitro direct antioxidant capacity of the bisthiazoles using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Then, the anti-inflammatory effect was tested in acute rat experimental inflammation by measuring the acute phase bone marrow response, the phagocytic capacity and the serum nitro-oxidative stress status. Although none of the substances showed significant direct antioxidant potential in the DPPH assay, most of them improved serum oxidative status, when administered to rats with inflammation. Four of the bisthiazoles proved to have good anti-inflammatory properties, similar or superior to that of equal doses meloxicam

SYNTHESIS AND EFFECTS OF SOME NEW 2-ARYL-THIAZOLE AMMONIUM SALTS ON ISOLATED ILEUM MOTILITY

Quaternary ammonium compounds are considered among the substances which can influence the contractility of smooth muscles from the digestive tract, acting via cholinergic mechanisms. Based on structural considerations, we synthesized twelve new compounds, derivatives of 2-aryl-thiazole, being substituted in the 2 and 4 positions. In order to elucidate the structure of the obtained compounds, MS determinations and 1 H-NMR spectra were realized. The effect on the smooth muscles was tested using the guinea pig isolated ileum experimental model. The obtained results showed that the contractile effects or the antispasmodic activity of the compounds are influenced by the nature of the substituent in the 4 position, and the intensity of the effect is related to the type of substituent on the phenyl, from the 2 position of the thiazolic nucleus

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of New Polyphenolic Derivatives of Quinazolin-4(3H)-one: Synthesis and In Vitro Activities Evaluation

The development of hybrid molecules with significant human therapeutic properties is one of the main approaches of pharmaceutical research. One of the most important pharmacophores is the quinazolin-4(3H)-one heterocycle moiety, due to its wide range of biological activities. By its derivatization with polyphenolic compounds, in our previous research, it proved to possess a good antiradical activity of ortho-diphenolic derivatives of quinazolin-4(3H)-one. In this study, we developed two new series of compounds, with an additional phenolic group or with a methyl group on the thioacetohydrazone fragment. The methods used to evaluate the activity of the compounds were radical scavenging, reduction of oxidizing reagents and transition metals’ ions chelation assays. Quantum descriptors were also calculated in order to evaluate the influence of substituents and their position on the activity of the compounds. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using normal human foreskin fibroblast cells (BJ) and two cancerous cell lines, lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and prostate carcinoma cells (LNCaP). The results obtained for the pyrogallol derivatives showed a high antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid and Trolox. All the synthesized compounds displayed a higher cytotoxicity against the cancerous cell types and a high cytocompatibility with the normal cells. The antioxidant activity was deeply influenced by the addition of the third phenolic group in the synthesized molecules

COX Inhibition Profile and Molecular Docking Studies of Some 2-(Trimethoxyphenyl)-Thiazoles

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used therapeutic agents that exhibit frequent and sometimes severe adverse effects, including gastrointestinal ulcerations and cardiovascular disorders. In an effort to obtain safer NSAIDs, we assessed the direct cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition activity and we investigated the potential COX binding mode of some previously reported 2-(trimethoxyphenyl)-thiazoles. The in vitro COX inhibition assays were performed against ovine COX-1 and human recombinant COX-2. Molecular docking studies were performed to explain the possible interactions between the inhibitors and both COX isoforms binding pockets. Four of the tested compounds proved to be good inhibitors of both COX isoforms, but only compound A3 showed a good COX-2 selectivity index, similar to meloxicam. The plausible binding mode of compound A3 revealed hydrogen bond interactions with binding site key residues including Arg120, Tyr355, Ser530, Met522 and Trp387, whereas hydrophobic contacts were detected with Leu352, Val349, Leu359, Phe518, Gly526, and Ala527. Computationally predicted pharmacokinetic profile revealed A3 as lead candidate. The present data prove that the investigated compounds inhibit COX and thus confirm the previously reported in vivo anti-inflammatory screening results suggesting that A3 is a suitable candidate for further development as a NSAID

New 2-Phenylthiazoles as Potential Sortase A Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking

Sortase A inhibition is a well establish strategy for decreasing bacterial virulence by affecting numerous key processes that control biofilm formation, host cell entry, evasion and suppression of the immune response and acquisition of essential nutrients. A meta-analysis of structures known to act as Sortase A inhibitors provided the starting point for identifying a new potential scaffold. Based on this template a series of new potential Sortase A inhibitors, that contain the 2-phenylthiazole moiety, were synthesized. The physicochemical characterisation confirmed the identity of the proposed structures. Antibacterial activity evaluation showed that the new compounds have a reduced activity against bacterial cell viability. However, the compounds prevent biofilm formation at very low concentrations, especially in the case of E. faecalis. Molecular docking studies performed estimate that this is most likely due to the inhibition of Sortase A. The new compounds could be used as add-on therapies together with known antibacterial agents in order to combat multidrug-resistance enterococcal infections